Abstract
We present a novel pedestrian representation based on a new model of pedestrian motion coupled with a geometric optimization method. The model of pedestrian motion seeks to capture the underlying physiological and psychological factors which give rise to the fundamental diagram—the phenomenon that pedestrian speed reduces as density increases. The optimization method computes collision-free velocities directly in velocity space. The resultant method exhibits the same types of self-organizing behaviors shown by previous models, is both computationally efficient and numerically stable, can be intuitively tuned to model cross-cultural variation, and is sufficiently robust that a single set of simulation parameters produces viable results in multiple scenarios.
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Notes
- 1.
We refer the reader to the original paper [25] for the full experimental parameters.
- 2.
The variation in simulation speed arises from normally distributed preferred speeds for the agents.
- 3.
In ordered marching, as seen with soldiers, the fundamental diagram can be completely eliminated as walking can be coordinated to maintain speed at high density.
- 4.
Dean originally presented the relationship between stride frequency (f) and speed (v) [28]. We have used the relationship v = fL to reformulate Dean’s work as the relationship between stride length and speed.
- 5.
In the experiment, the subjects began in a space with a density of 3 people/m2. If the initial density were higher, would it affect the observed density?
- 6.
For visual clarity, we follow the example of the experiment authors in presenting those samples which lie within one standard deviation of the mean.
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Acknowledgements
This research is supported in part by ARO Contract W911NF-10-1-0506, NSF awards 0904990, 1000579, 1117129, and 1142382, and Intel. The experimental data was made possible by DFG-Grant Nos. KL 1873/1-1 and SE 1789/1-1 and the “Research for Civil Security” program funded by German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.
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Curtis, S., Manocha, D. (2014). Pedestrian Simulation Using Geometric Reasoning in Velocity Space. In: Weidmann, U., Kirsch, U., Schreckenberg, M. (eds) Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2012. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02447-9_73
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