Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

State-of-the-Art Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery

Part of the book series: Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery ((NEUROSURGERY,volume 42))

Abstract

Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the USA. An estimated 795,000 new or recurrent stroke events occur annually, mostly ischemic in nature. Arterial recanalization and subsequent reperfusion performed shortly after symptom onset can help to restore brain function in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The only treatment currently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration is intravenous tissue plasminogen activator, administered within 4.5 h of symptom onset. However, this short window often precludes effective intervention. Mechanical neurothrombectomy devices offer many potential advantages over pharmacologic thrombolysis, including more rapid achievement of recanalization, enhanced efficacy in treating large-vessel occlusions, and a potentially lower risk of hemorrhagic events. The goal of this chapter is to describe the state-of-the-art neurothrombectomy devices and stenting techniques for endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke, as well as to highlight recent advances in reperfusion therapies. Ongoing clinical trials, some with randomized, controlled designs, are included.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

AIS:

Acute ischemic stroke

ASPECTS:

Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score

BA:

Basilar artery

CT:

Computed tomography

ECASS:

European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

IAT:

Intra-arterial thrombolysis

ICA:

Internal carotid artery

IMS:

Interventional Management of Stroke

INR:

International normalized ratio

IVT:

Intravenous thrombolysis

IV-tPA:

Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator

MCA:

Middle cerebral artery

MERCI:

Mechanical Embolus Removal in Cerebral Ischemia

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

mRS:

Modified Rankin Scale

NIHSS:

National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale

NINDS:

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

pCR:

Phenox clot retriever

PROACT:

Prolapse in Acute Cerebral Thromboembolism

PS:

Penumbra System

sICH:

Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage

TICI:

Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia

TIMI:

Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction

References

  1. Adams HP Jr, del Zoppo G, Alberts MJ et al (2007) Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists. Stroke 38:1655–1711

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Alexandrov AV, Molina CA, Grotta JC et al, CLOTBUST Investigators (2004) Ultrasound-enhanced systemic thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 351:2170–2178.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Anonymous (2007) Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS) III trial. ClinicalTrials.gov (US National Institutes of Health), Bethesda. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00359424. Accessed 27 Apr 2012

  4. Arnold M, Schroth G, Nedeltchev K et al (2002) Intra-arterial thrombolysis in 100 patients with acute stroke due to middle cerebral artery occlusion. Stroke 33:1828–1833

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Baker WL, Colby JA, Tongbram V, Talati R et al (2011) Neurothrombectomy devices for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke: state of the evidence. Ann Intern Med 154(4):243–252, Review

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Balt Extrusion Products. Neuroradiology (2010) Stroke/thrombosis. Available at: http://www.balt.fr/en,product,150,24.html. Accessed 28 May 2010.

  7. Becker KJ, Brott TG (2005) Approval of the MERCI Clot Retriever: a critical review. Stroke 36:400–403

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Benmira S, Banda ZK, Bhattacharya V (2011) The start of a new era for stroke treatment: mechanical thrombectomy devices. Curr Neurovasc Res 8(1):75–85, Review

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Bose A, Henkes H, Alfke K et al (2008) The Penumbra System: a mechanical device for the treatment of acute stroke due to thromboembolism. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 29(7):1409–1413

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Brekenfeld C, Schroth G, Mattle H et al (2009) Stent placement in acute cerebral artery occlusion: use of a self-expandable intracranial stent for acute stroke treatment. Stroke 40:847–852

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Brekenfeld C, Schroth G, El-Koussy M et al (2008) thromboembolectomy for acute ischemic stroke: comparison of the Catch thrombectomy device and the Merci retriever in vivo. Stroke 39(4):1213–1219

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Castaño C, Dorado L, Guerrero C et al (2010) Mechanical thrombectomy with the Solitaire AB device in large artery occlusions of the anterior circulation: a pilot study. Stroke 41(8):1836–1840

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Chiam PTL, Samuelson RM, Mocco J et al (2008) Navigability trumps all: stenting of acute middle cerebral artery occlusions with a new self-expandable stent. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 29:1956–1958

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Chow MM, Masaryk TJ, Woo HH et al (2005) Stent-assisted angioplasty of intracranial vertebrobasilar atherosclerosis: midterm analysis of clinical and radiologic predictors of neurological morbidity and mortality. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 26:869–874

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Cohen JE, Gomori JM, Leker RR et al (2012) Recanalization with stent-based mechanical thrombectomy in anterior circulation major ischemic stroke. J Clin Neurosci 19(1):39–43

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Cohen JE, Itshayek E, Moskovici S et al (2011) State-of-the-art reperfusion strategies for acute ischemic stroke. J Clin Neurosci 18:319–323, Review

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Costalat V, Machi P, Lobetesis K et al (2011) Rescue, combined and stand-alone thrombectomy in the management of large vessel occlusion stroke using the Solitaire device: a prospective 50-patient single-center study: timing, safety, and efficacy. Stroke 42(7):1929–1935

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Eggers J, Koch B, Meyer K et al (2003) Effect of ultrasound on thrombolysis of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Ann Neurol 53:797–800

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Fields JD, Lindsay K, Liu KC, Nesbit GM, Lutsep HL (2010) Mechanical thrombectomy for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 8(4):581–592, Review

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Frei D, Turk A, Heck D et al (2011) The SPEED trial: a study of the Penumbra early evacuation device. Presented at the international Stroke conference, Los Angeles, 2011

    Google Scholar 

  21. Frendl A, Csiba L (2011) Pharmacological and non-pharmacological recanalization strategies in acute ischemic stroke. Front Neurol 2:32

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Furlan A, Higishida R, Wechsler L et al (1999) Intra-arterial prourokinase for acute ischemic stroke. The PROACT II study: a randomized controlled trial. Prolyse in Acute Cerebral Thromboembolism. JAMA 282:2003–2011

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Gobin YP, Starkman S, Duckwiler GR et al (2004) MERCI 1: a phase 1 study of mechanical embolus removal in cerebral ischemia. Stroke 35:2848–2854

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Goldemund D, Mikulik R (2010) Reperfusion therapies for acute ischemic stroke. Curr Treat Options Neurol 12(2):155–166

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Goyal M, Menon BK, Coutts SB et al (2011) Effect of baseline CT scan appearance and time to recanalization on clinical outcomes in endovascular thrombectomy of acute ischemic strokes. Stroke 42:93–97

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Gralla J, Brekenfeld C, Mordasini P et al (2012) Mechanical thrombolysis and stenting in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 43(1):280–285

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Grunwald IQ, Wakhloo AK, Walter S et al (2011) Endovascular stroke treatment today. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 32(2):238–243, Review

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Grunwald IQ, Walter S, Shamdeen MG et al (2010) New mechanical recanalization devices – the future in pediatric stroke treatment? J Invasive Cardiol 22(2):63–66

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Grunwald IQ, Walter S, Papanagiotou P et al (2009) Revascularization in acute ischaemic stroke using the penumbra system: the first single center experience. Eur J Neurol 16(11):1210–1216

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Guo XB, Song LJ, Guan S (2013) Emergent angioplasty and stent placement recanalization without thrombolysis in acute middle cerebral artery occlusions. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 22(5):694–699

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Gupta R, Tayal AH, Levy EI et al (2011) Intra-arterial thrombolysis or stent placement during endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke leads to the highest recanalization rate: results of a multicenter retrospective study. Neurosurgery 68(6):1618–1622; discussion 1622–1623

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Gupta R, Schumacher HC, Mangla S et al (2003) Urgent endovascular revascularization for symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. Neurology 61:1729–1735

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Hacke W, Kaste M, Bluhmki E et al (2008) Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 359:13171329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Henkes H, Reinartz J, Lowens S et al (2006) A device for fast mechanical clot retrieval from intracranial arteries (Phenox clot retriever). Neurocrit Care 5(2):134–140

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Henkes H, Flesser A, Brew S et al (2003) A novel microcatheter-delivered, highly-flexible and fully-retrievable stent, specifically designed for intracranial use. Technical note. Interv Neuroradiol 9(4):391–393

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Clinicaltrials.gov (2010) http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01062698?term=thrace&rank=1. Accessed 3 Feb 2010

  37. Jovin TG, Rymer MM, Budzik RF et al (2010) Interventional acute stroke therapy with the Merci retriever embolectomy device. On behalf of the Merci Registry Investigators. Presented at the international Stroke conference, San Antonio, 2010

    Google Scholar 

  38. Jovin TG, Gupta R, Uchino K et al (2005) Emergent stenting of extracranial internal carotid artery occlusion in acute stroke has a high revascularization rate. Stroke 36(11):2426–2430

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Kelly ME, Furlan AJ, Fiorella D (2008) Recanalization of an acute middle cerebral artery occlusion using a self-expanding, reconstrainable, intracranial microstent as a temporary endovascular bypass. Stroke 39:1770–1773

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Khatri P, Hill M, Palesch Y et al, for the IMS III Investigators (2008) Methodology of the interventional management of stroke III trial. Int J Stroke 3:130–137

    Google Scholar 

  41. Kim D, Ford GA, Kidwell CS et al (2007) Intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute stroke in patients 80 and older: a comparison of results in patients younger than 80 years. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 28:159–163

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Kwiatkowski TG, Libman RB, Frankel M et al (1999) Effects of tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke at one year. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Stroke Study Group. N Engl J Med 40:1781–1787

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Lansberg MG, O’Dommell MJ, Khatri P et al (2012) Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis. American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines, 9th edition. Chest 141(Suppl 2):e601S–e636S

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Lee HK, Kwak HS, Chung GH et al (2012) Balloon-expandable stent placement in patients with immediate reocclusion after initial successful thrombolysis of acute middle cerebral arterial obstruction. Interv Neuroradiol 18(1):80–88

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Levy EI, Rahman M, Khalessi AA et al (2011) Midterm clinical and angiographic follow up for the first FDA-approved prospective, single-arm trial of primary stenting for stroke: SARIS (Stent-Assisted Recanalization for Acute Ischemic Stroke). Neurosurgery 69:915–920; discussion 920

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Levy EI, Siddiqui AH, Crumlish A et al (2009) First Food and Drug Administration-approved prospective trial of primary intracranial stenting for acute stroke: SARIS (Stent-Assisted Recanalization in Acute Ischemic Stroke). Stroke 40:3552–3556

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Levy EI, Mehta R, Gupta R et al (2007) Self-expanding stents for recanalization of acute cerebrovascular occlusions. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 28:816–822

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Levy EI, Ecker RD, Hanel RA et al (2006) Acute M2 bifurcation stenting for cerebral infarction: lessons learned from the heart: technical case report. Neurosurgery 58:E588; discussion E588

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Levy EI, Ecker RD, Horowitz MB et al (2006) Stent-assisted intracranial recanalization for acute stroke: early results. Neurosurgery 58:458–463; discussion 463

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Liebig T, Lockau H, Stehle S et al (2010) Temporary endovascular bypass in acute stroke: experience after 50 patients. Stroke 41:e6

    Google Scholar 

  51. Liebig T, Reinartz J, Hannes R et al (2008) Comparative in vitro study of five mechanical embolectomy systems: effectiveness of clot removal and risk of distal embolization. Neuroradiology 50(1):43–52

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Liebig TLH, Reinartz J, Roth C et al (2008) Early clinical experiences with a new thrombectomy device for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Presented at the international Stoke conference, San Diego, 2008

    Google Scholar 

  53. Lin DD, Gailloud P, Beauchamp NJ et al (2003) Combined stent placement and thrombolysis in acute vertebrobasilar ischemic stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24(9):1827–1833

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M et al (2006) Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet 367:1747–1757, PMID: 16731270

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Lutsep HL (2008) Mechanical endovascular recanalization therapies. Curr Opin Neurol 21(1):70–75, Review

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Mahon BR, Nesbit GM, Barnwell SL et al (2003) North American clinical experience with the EKOS MicroLysUS infusion catheter for the treatment of embolic stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24:534–538

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Mazighi M, Amarenco P (2011) Reperfusion therapy in acute cerebrovascular syndrome. Curr Opin Neurol 24(1):59–62, Review

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Mazighi M, Serfaty JM, Labreuche J et al (2009) Comparison of intravenous alteplase with a combined intravenous-endovascular approach in patients with stroke and confirmed arterial occlusion (RECANALISE study): a prospective cohort study. Lancet Neurol 8:802–809

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Mendonça N, Flores A, Pagola J et al (2013) Trevo system: single-center experience with a novel mechanical thrombectomy device. J Neuroimaging 23(1):7–11. doi:10.1111/j.1552-6569.2011.00666.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Menon BK, Kochar P, Ah-Seng A et al (2012) Initial experience with a self-expanding retrievable stent for recanalization of large vessel occlusions in acute ischemic stroke. Neuroradiology 54(2):147–154

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Miteff F, Faulder KC, Goh AC et al (2011) Mechanical thrombectomy with a self-expanding retrievable intracranial stent (Solitaire AB): experience in 26 patients with acute cerebral artery occlusion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 32(6):1078–1081

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Mocco J, Hanel RA, Sharma J et al (2010) Use of a vascular reconstruction device to salvage acute ischemic occlusions refractory to traditional endovascular recanalization methods. J Neurosurg 112:557–562

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Möhlenbruch M, Seifert M, Okulla T et al (2011) Mechanical thrombectomy compared to local-intraarterial thrombolysis in carotid T and middle cerebral artery occlusions: a single center experience. Clin Neuroradiol 22(2):141–147

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Molina CA, Alvarez-Sabín J (2009) Recanalization and reperfusion therapies for acute ischemic stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 7(Suppl 1):162–167, Review

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Mordasini P, Hiller M, Brekenfeld C et al (2010) In vivo evaluation of the Phenox CRC mechanical thrombectomy device in a swine model of acute vessel occlusion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 31(5):972–978

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Mpotsaris A, Bussmeyer M, Loehr C et al (2012) Mechanical thrombectomy in severe acute stroke: preliminary results of the Solitaire stent. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 83(1):117–118

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Nayak S, Ladurner G, Killer M (2010) Treatment of acute middle cerebral artery occlusion with a Solitaire AB stent: preliminary experience. Br J Radiol 83(996):1017–1022

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Nedeltchev K, Brekenfeld C, Remonda L et al (2005) Internal carotid artery stent implantation in 25 patients with acute stroke: preliminary results. Radiology 237(3):1029–1037

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Nogueira RG, Levy EI, Gounis M et al (2011) The Trevo device: preclinical data of a novel stroke thrombectomy device in two different animal models of arterial thrombo-occlusive disease. J Neurointerv Surg 4(4):295–300

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Nogueira RG, Liebeskind DS, Sung G et al (2009) Predictors of good clinical outcomes, mortality, and successful revascularization in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing thrombectomy: pooled analysis of the Mechanical Embolus Removal in Cerebral Ischemia (MERCI) and Multi MERCI Trials. Stroke 40:3777–3783, PMID: 19875740

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Penumbra Pivotal Stroke Trial Investigators (2009) The Penumbra Pivotal Stroke Trial: safety and effectiveness of a new generation of mechanical devices for clot removal in intracranial large vessel occlusive disease. Stroke 40:2761–2768

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Pérez MA, Miloslavski E, Fischer S et al (2011) Intracranial thrombectomy using the Solitaire stent: a historical vignette. J Neurointerv Surg 4(6):e32

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Pexman JHW, Barber PA, Hilla MD et al (2001) Use of the Alberta Stroke Program early CT Score (ASPECTS) for assessing CT scan in patients with acute stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22:1534–1542

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Ribo M, Molina CA, Alvarez B et al (2010) Intra-arterial administration of microbubbles and continuous 2-MHz ultrasound insonation to enhance intra-arterial thrombolysis. J Neuroimaging 20:1–5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Rohde S, Haehnel S, Herweh C et al (2011) Mechanical thrombectomy in acute embolic stroke: preliminary results with the Revive device. Stroke 42(10):2954–2956

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Roth C, Junk D, Papanagiotou P, Keuler A et al (2012) A comparison of 2 stroke devices: the new Aperio clot-removal device and the solitaire AB/FR. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 33(7):1317–1320. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A2962

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Roth C, Papanagiotou P, Behnke S et al (2010) Stent-assisted mechanical recanalization for treatment of acute intracerebral artery occlusions. Stroke 41(11):2559–2567

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Rouchaud A, Mazighi M, Labreuche J et al (2011) Outcomes of mechanical endovascular therapy of acute ischemic stroke: a clinical registry study and systematic review. Stroke 42(5):1289–1294

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. San Román L, Obach V, Blasco J et al (2012) Single-center experience of cerebral artery thrombectomy using the TREVO device in 60 patients with acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 43(6):1657–1659

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Saver JL, Jahan R, Levy E et al, for the SWIFT Trialists (2012) Primary results of the SOLITAIRETM FR With The Intention For Thrombectomy (SWIFT) multicenter, randomized clinical trial. Presented at the international Stroke conference, New Orleans, 2012

    Google Scholar 

  81. Smith WS, Sung G, Saver J et al (2008) Mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: final results of the Multi MERCI trial. Stroke 39:1205–1212

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Smith WS, Sung G, Starkman S et al (2005) Safety and efficacy of mechanical embolectomy in acute ischemic stroke: results of the MERCI trial. Stroke 36:1432–1440

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Stampfl S, Hartmann M, Ringleb PA et al (2011) Stent placement for flow restoration in acute ischemic stroke: a single-center experience with the Solitaire stent system. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 32(7):1245–1248

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Stead LG, Gilmore RM, Bellolio MF et al (2008) Percutaneous clot removal devices in acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Neurol 65(8):1024–1030

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Sung SM, Lee TH, Cho HJ, Sol YL, Park KH, Jung DS, Kim CW (2012) Recanalization with wingspan stent for acute middle cerebral artery occlusion in failure or contraindication to intravenous thrombolysis: a feasibility study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 33(6):1156–1161

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Tarr R, Hsu D, Alfke K et al (2010) The POST trial: initial post-market experience of the Penumbra system. Revascularization of large vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke in the United States and Europe. J Neurointerv Surg 2:341–344

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. The IMS Investigators (2007) The Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS) II study. Stroke 38:2127–2135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. Tomsick TA, Khatri P, Jovin T, Demaerschalk B, Malisch T, Demchuk A, Hill MD, Jauch E, Spilker J, Broderick JP (2010) IMS III Executive Committee. Equipoise among recanalization strategies. Neurology 74(13):1069–1076, Review

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Tomsick T, Broderick J, Carrozella J et al (2008) Interventional Management of Stroke II Investigators. Revascularization results in the Interventional Management of Stroke II trial. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 29:582–587

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. TREVO Study (Thrombectomy REvascularization of large Vessel Occlusions) in acute ischemic stroke (2012) Presented at the international Stroke conference, New Orleans, 2012

    Google Scholar 

  91. Tsivgoulis G, Eggers J, Ribo M, Perren F, Saqqur M, Rubiera M, Sergentanis TN, Vadikolias K, Larrue V, Molina CA, Alexandrov AV (2010) Safety and efficacy of ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of randomized and nonrandomized studies. Stroke 41(2):280–287, Review

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Tsivgoulis G, Alexandrov AV (2007) Ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke: potential, failures, and safety. Neurotherapeutics 4:420–427

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Wahlgren N, Ahmed N, Dávalos A, Ford GA, Grond M, Hacke W, Hennerici MG, Kaste M, Kuelkens S, Larrue V, Lees KR, Roine RO, Soinne L, Toni D, Vanhooren G (2007) SITS-MOST Investigators. Thrombolysis with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke in the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study (SITS-MOST): an observational study. Lancet 369(9558):275–282, Erratum in: Lancet 369(9564):826

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Wehrschuetz M, Wehrschuetz E, Augustin M, Niederkorn K, Deutschmann H, Ebner F (2011) Early single center experience with the solitaire thrombectomy device for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Interv Neuroradiol 17(2):235–240

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Yoo AJ, Verduzco LA, Schaefer PW et al (2009) MRI-based selection for intra-arterial stroke therapy: value of pretreatment diffusion-weighted imaging lesion volume in selecting patients with acute stroke who will benefit from early recanalization. Stroke 40:2046–2054

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Yu W, Smith WS, Singh V et al (2005) Long-term outcome of endovascular stenting for symptomatic basilar artery stenosis. Neurology 64:1055–1057

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Zaidat OO, Wolfe T, Hussain SI, Lynch JR, Gupta R, Delap J, Torbey MT, Fitzsimmons B-F (2008) Interventional acute ischemic stroke therapy with intracranial self-expanding stent. Stroke 39:2392–2395

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Disclosure

The authors have no potential conflicts of interest relevant to this chapter.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach-Tikva, Israel

    Guy Raphaeli MD

  2. Neurology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach-Tikva, Israel

    Guy Raphaeli MD & Jonathan Striefler MD

  3. Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel

    Guy Raphaeli MD & Jonathan Striefler MD

  4. Neurology and Stroke Departments, Paris 7 Denis Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unite’ INSERM 698: Recherche Clinique en Atherothrombose, Groupe Hospitalier Bichat Claude Bernard, Paris, France

    Mikael Mazighi MD, PhD

  5. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland

    Vitor Mendes Pereira MD, MSc

  6. Neuroradiology Departement, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, 69500, France

    Francis Turjman MD

Authors
  1. Guy Raphaeli MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mikael Mazighi MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Vitor Mendes Pereira MD, MSc
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Francis Turjman MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jonathan Striefler MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Guy Raphaeli MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medizinische Fakultät, Univ.Klinikum Bonn Med. Einrichtungen, Bonn, Germany

    Johannes Schramm

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Raphaeli, G., Mazighi, M., Pereira, V.M., Turjman, F., Striefler, J. (2015). State-of-the-Art Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke. In: Schramm, J. (eds) Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery. Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery, vol 42. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09066-5_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09066-5_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-09065-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-09066-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation