Skip to main content

Formal Analysis of a Fault-Tolerant Routing Algorithm for a Network-on-Chip

  • Conference paper
Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems (FMICS 2014)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 8718))

Abstract

A fault-tolerant routing algorithm in Network-on-Chip architectures provides adaptivity for on-chip communications. Adding fault-tolerance adaptivity to a routing algorithm increases its design complexity and makes it prone to deadlock and other problems if improperly implemented. Formal verification techniques are needed to check the correctness of the design. This paper performs formal analysis on an extension of the link-fault tolerant Network-on-Chip architecture introduced by Wu et al that supports multiflit wormhole routing. This paper describes several lessons learned during the process of constructing a formal model of this routing architecture. Finally, this paper presents how the deadlock freedom and tolerance to a single-link fault is verified for a two-by-two mesh version of this routing architecture.

This work is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants CNS-0930510 and CNS-0930225. Part of this work was performed during a visit of the first author at INRIA Grenoble Rhône-Alpes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Vivet, P., Lattard, D., Clermidy, F., Beigne, E., Bernard, C., Durand, Y., Durupt, J., Varreau, D.: Faust, an asynchronous network-on-chip based architecture for telecom applications. In: Proc. 2007 Design, Automation and Test in Europe, DATE 2007 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hoskote, Y., Vangal, S., Singh, A., Borkar, N., Borkar, S.: A 5-ghz mesh interconnect for a teraflops processor. IEEE Micro 27(5), 51–61 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Wu, J., Zhang, Z., Myers, C.: A fault-tolerant routing algorithm for a network-on-chip using a link fault model. Virtual Worldwide Forum for PhD Researchers in Electronic Design Automation (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Fick, D., DeOrio, A., Chen, G., Bertacco, V., Sylvester, D., Blaauw, D.: A Highly Resilient Routing Algorithm for Fault-tolerant NoCs. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe, pp. 21–26. European Design and Automation Association (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Hosseini, A., Ragheb, T., Massoud, Y.: A fault-aware dynamic routing algorithm for on-chip networks. In: ISCAS, pp. 2653–2656. IEEE (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Glass, C.J., Ni, L.M.: Fault-tolerant wormhole routing in meshes. In: FTCS, pp. 240–249. IEEE Computer Society (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Imai, M., Yoneda, T.: Improving dependability and performance of fully asynchronous on-chip networks. In: Proceedings of the 2011 17th IEEE International Symposium on Asynchronous Circuits and Systems, ASYNC 2011, pp. 65–76. IEEE Computer Society (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Borrione, D., Helmy, A., Pierre, L., Schmaltz, J.: A formal approach to the verification of networks on chip. EURASIP J. Embedded Syst. 2009, 2:1–2:14 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Helmy, A., Pierre, L., Jantsch, A.: Theorem proving techniques for the formal verification of NoC communications with non-minimal adaptive routing. In: DDECS, pp. 221–224. IEEE (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Borrione, D., Boubekeur, M., Mounier, L., Renaudin, M., Siriani, A.: Validation of asynchronous circuit specifications using IF/CADP. In: Glesner, M., Reis, R., Indrusiak, L., Mooney, V., Eveking, H. (eds.) VLSI-SOC: From Systems to Chips. IFIP, vol. 200, pp. 85–100. Springer, Boston (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Salaün, G., Serwe, W.: Translating Hardware Process Algebras into Standard Process Algebras: Illustration with CHP and LOTOS. Technical Report RR-5666, INRIA (September 2005)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Salaün, G., Serwe, W., Thonnart, Y., Vivet, P.: Formal verification of CHP specifications with CADP illustration on an asynchronous Network-on-Chip. In: 13th IEEE International Symposium on Asynchronous Circuits and Systems, ASYNC 2007, pp. 73–82 (March 2007)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Beigné, E., Clermidy, F., Vivet, P., Clouard, A., Renaudin, M.: An Asynchronous NOC Architecture Providing Low Latency Service and Its Multi-Level Design Framework. In: ASYNC, pp. 54–63. IEEE Computer Society (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Chiu, G.M.: The odd-even turn model for adaptive routing. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 11(7), 729–738 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Myers, C.J.: Asynchronous circuit design. Wiley (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Champelovier, D., Clerc, X., Garavel, H., Guerte, Y., McKinty, C., Powazny, V., Lang, F., Serwe, W., Smeding, G.: Reference manual of the LNT to LOTOS translator (version 6.0). INRIA/VASY/CONVECS (June 2014)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Garavel, H., Lang, F., Mateescu, R., Serwe, W.: CADP 2011: a toolbox for the construction and analysis of distributed processes. STTT 15(2), 89–107 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Garavel, H., Salaün, G., Serwe, W.: On the Semantics of Communicating Hardware Processes and their Translation into LOTOS for the Verification of Asynchronous Circuits with CADP. Science of Computer Programming (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Garavel, H., Lang, F.: SVL: a Scripting Language for Compositional Verification. In: Proceedings of the 21st IFIP WG 6.1 International Conference on Formal Techniques for Networked and Distributed Systems, FORTE 2001, pp. 377–392. Kluwer Academic Publishers (August 2001); Full version available as INRIA Research Report RR-4223

    Google Scholar 

  20. Gazda, M., Fokkink, W.: Congruence from the operator’s point of view: Compositionality requirements on process semantics. In: SOS. EPTCS, vol. 32, pp. 15–25 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Crouzen, P., Lang, F.: Smart Reduction. In: Giannakopoulou, D., Orejas, F. (eds.) FASE 2011. LNCS, vol. 6603, pp. 111–126. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. van Glabbeek, R.J., Luttik, B., Trcka, N.: Branching bisimilarity with explicit divergence. Fundam. Inform. 93(4), 371–392 (2009)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. Mateescu, R., Thivolle, D.: A model checking language for concurrent value-passing systems. In: Cuellar, J., Sere, K. (eds.) FM 2008. LNCS, vol. 5014, pp. 148–164. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Zhang, Z., Serwe, W., Wu, J., Yoneda, T., Zheng, H., Myers, C. (2014). Formal Analysis of a Fault-Tolerant Routing Algorithm for a Network-on-Chip. In: Lang, F., Flammini, F. (eds) Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems. FMICS 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8718. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10702-8_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10702-8_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-10701-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-10702-8

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics