Skip to main content

Self-Consciousness and Panic

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Panic Disorder

Abstract

Authors present in this chapter some relationships between self-consciousness and panic disorder. Discussion is based on Karl Jaspers’ phenomenological descriptions of the self-consciousness manifestations, aiming to explore the ideas of Jaspers about the relations between self-constitution and panic attacks. Some broad definitions of self-consciousness and some illustrated descriptions of their pathological manifestations are also presented, and the some psychological contributions for panic disorder. Panic disorder etiologies keep under investigation and stressful events in childhood and adulthood seem relevant. Another aspect addressed in this chapter is the association between brain regulation of self-consciousness, since neurological regulation of self-consciousness depends on brain structures responsible for programming and self-monitoring of our behavior. All common neurologic and clinical aspects between panic and schizophrenia seem to be connected by self-consciousness physiopathology and its psychopathological manifestations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Jaspers K. Psicopatologia Geral. São Paulo: Editora Ateneu; 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Veras AB, Nardi AE, Kahn JP. Attachment and self-consciousness: a dynamic connection between schizophrenia and panic. Med Hypotheses. 2013;81(5):792–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Fergusson DM, Lynskey MT, Horwood LJ. Childhood sexual abuse and psychiatric disorder in young adulthood: I. Prevalence of sexual abuse and factors associated with sexual abuse. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1996;35(10):1355–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Kendler KS, Bulik CM, Silberg J, Hettema JM, Myers J, Prescott CA. Childhood sexual abuse and adult psychiatric and substance use disorders in women: an epidemiological and cotwin control analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57(10):953–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Kendler KS, Neale MC, Kessler RC, Heath AC, Eaves LJ. Childhood parental loss and adult psychopathology in women. A twin study perspective. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992;49(2):109–16.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Faravelli C. Life events preceding the onset of panic disorder. J Affect Disord. 1985;9(1):103–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Salum GA, Blaya C, Manfro GG. Transtorno do pânico. Rev Psiquiatr RS. 2009;31(2):86–94.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Raveendran V, Kumari V. Clinical, cognitive and neural correlates of self-monitoring deficits in schizophrenia: an update. Acta Neuropsychiatr. 2007;19:27–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Frith CD. The cognitive neuropsychology of schizophrenia. Erlbaum, UK: Taylor and Francis; 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Jeannerod M, Pacherie E. Agency, simulation and self identification. Mind Lang. 2004;19:113–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Frith CD, Friston KJ, Herold S, Silbersweig D, Fletcher P, Cahill C,et al. Regional brain activity in chronic schizophrenic patients during the performance of a verbal fluency task. Br J Psychiatry. 1995;167:343–9.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Fu CH, Vythelingum GN, Andrew C, et al. Alien voices who said that? Neural correlates of impaired verbal selfmonitoring in schizophrenia. Neuroimage. 2001;13:S1052.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Hunter MD, Griffiths TD, Farrow TF, et al. A neural basis for the perception of voices in external auditory space. Brain. 2003;126:161–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. McGuire PK, Shah GM, Murray RM. Increased blood flow in Broca’s area during auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. Lancet. 1993;342:703–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Shergill SS, Bullmore E, Simmons A, Murray R, McGuire P. Mapping auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;59:468–89.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Silbersweig DA, Stern E, Frith C, et al. A functional neuroanatomy of hallucinations in schizophrenia. Nature. 1995;378:176–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Sokhi DS, Hunter MD, Wilkison ID, Woodruff PW. Male and female voices activate distinct regions in the male brain. Neuroimage. 2005;27:572–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Frith C. Neuropsychology of schizophrenia, what are the implications of intellectual and experiential abnormalities for the neurobiology of schizophrenia? Br Med Bull. 1996;52:618–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Bush G, Luu P, Posner MI. Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex. Trends Cogn Sci. 2000;4(6):215–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Mobbs D, Marchant JL, Hassabis D, et al. From threat to fear: the neural organization of defensive fear systems in humans. J Neurosci. 2009;29(39):12236–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Thomas H. A community survey of adverse effects of cannabis use. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1996;42:201–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Mula M, Pini S, Cassano GB. The neurobiology and clinical significance of depersonalization in mood and anxiety disorders: A critical reappraisal. J Affect Disord. 2007;99:91–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Sierra M, Berrios GE. Depersonalization: neurobiological perspectives. Biol Psychiatry. 1998;44:898–908.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Craig T, Hwang MY, Bromet EJ. Obsessive–compulsive and panic symptoms in patients with first-admission psychosis. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;59:592–800.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Achim AM, Maziade M, Raymond E, Olivier D, Merette C, Roy MA. How prevalent are anxiety disorders in schizophrenia? A meta-analysis and critical review on a significant association. Schizophr Bull. 2009;37:811–21.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Kahn JP, Meyers JR. Treatment of comorbid panic disorder and schizophrenia: evidence for a panic psychosis. Psychiatr Ann. 2000;30:29–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Hofmann SG. Relationship between panic and schizophrenia. Depress Anxiety. 1999;1995(9):101–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Kahn JP, Puertollano MA, Schane MD, Klein DF. Adjunctive alprazolam for schizophrenia with panic anxiety: clinical observation and pathogenetic implications. Am J Psychiatry. 1988;145:742–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Savitz AJ, Kahn TE, McGovern KE, Kahn JP. Carbon dioxide induction of panic anxiety in schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations. Psychiatry Res. 2011;189:38–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Kahn JP. Consciousness lost and instinct run amok: schizophrenia and psychosis. In: Kahn JP, editor. Angst: origins of anxiety and depression. New York: Oxford University Press; 2013. Chapter 7.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to André B. Veras .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gabínio, T., Veras, A.B., Kahn, J.P. (2016). Self-Consciousness and Panic. In: Nardi, A., Freire, R. (eds) Panic Disorder. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12538-1_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12538-1_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-12537-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-12538-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics