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The Role of PARPs in DNA Strand Break Repair

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PARP Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy

Part of the book series: Cancer Drug Discovery and Development ((CDD&D,volume 83))

Abstract

ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification in which a target protein becomes modified with monomeric, short chains, or long branching chains of ADP-ribose (ADPR). The process can be carried out by a number of ADP-ribosyltransferases and polymerases (ADP-RTs and PARPs) and the consequences of ribosylation are as diverse and heterogeneous as the products that are formed. In mammalian cells, only three PARPs bind to DNA, and their activity is stimulated by DNA ends. A number of roles for these three PARPs have been characterised, including several functions in DNA repair. The known repertoire of ADPR-binding proteins is vastly expanding, meaning that ribosylation increases the rate and complexity of ways in which DNA is repaired by a number of different ways.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks to Nigel Brissett for assistance with structural figures.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9RQ, Brighton, UK

    Stuart L. Rulten & Keith W. Caldecott

  2. CNRS-Strasbourg University, IREBS-UMR7242-BSC, ESBS 300 bld S. Brant, BP10413, 67412, Illkirch, France

    Françoise Dantzer

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  1. Stuart L. Rulten
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  2. Françoise Dantzer
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  3. Keith W. Caldecott
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Correspondence to Stuart L. Rulten .

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  1. Northern Institute for Cancer Research and Newcastle University Institute for Ageing Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

    Nicola J. Curtin

  2. CRUK-MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

    Ricky A. Sharma

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Rulten, S., Dantzer, F., Caldecott, K. (2015). The Role of PARPs in DNA Strand Break Repair. In: Curtin, N., Sharma, R. (eds) PARP Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy. Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, vol 83. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14151-0_3

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