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Implementation of Genomic Medicine: Tools and Challenges

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Preventive and Predictive Genetics: Towards Personalised Medicine

Part of the book series: Advances in Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine ((APPPM,volume 9))

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Abstract

The challenge of personalised medicine have been the centre of constructive debate in the last years, and have activated multidisciplinary approaches to solve the issues for translation to the clinic. In the preface, the editors summarise the challenges to translate genetic-based knowledge to the clinical setting. In this chapter, we will be reviewing the pre-requisites that will lessen the struggles associated with the implementation of pharmacogenetic testing protocols. To achieve this we will focus on the needs and recommendations to promote patient molecular classification to enhance risk assessment and drug response research; stratification of well-defined therapeutic groups, using genetic analysis, into subgroups of responders to specific therapies; the development of technologies and integrative information systems to provide the healthcare system with optimised and sustainable genetic testing protocols; the need of harmonised guidelines for the proper selection of patient groups for clinical trials; and advances in research to generate evidence based knowledge that can be smoothly translated for healthcare use.

Translation from research to the clinic is mainly associated with (1) the co-evolution of biomarkers and targeted therapy and (2) genotypes associated with drug metabolising enzymes. Although significant pharmacogenetic analyses are currently in use, the main obstacles associated with the efficient implementation include the uptake by the health care systems, incorporation into clinical guidelines as well as economic, educational, legal and commercial aspects. Understanding the approach for successful translation to clinical practice and resolving, in-part, the confounding aspects that negatively impact efficient implementation, shall support the transition from an empirical approach to a personalised health care system.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, MSD2080, Malta

    Dr. Godfrey Grech PhD

  2. Expert Center Pharmacogenetics, IFCC Reference Center for Pharmacogenetics, Dept. Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Prof. Dr. Ron van Schaik

  3. Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mater Dei Hospital, Block A Level 1 Rm 58, Msida, MSD2090, Malta

    Dr. Joseph Borg

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  2. Prof. Dr. Ron van Schaik
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  3. Dr. Joseph Borg
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Correspondence to Godfrey Grech PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Pathology Department, University of Malta, Msida, Malta

    Godfrey Grech

  2. IsraGene, Yakir, Israel

    Iris Grossman

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Grech, G., van Schaik, R., Borg, J. (2015). Implementation of Genomic Medicine: Tools and Challenges. In: Grech, G., Grossman, I. (eds) Preventive and Predictive Genetics: Towards Personalised Medicine. Advances in Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine, vol 9. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15344-5_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15344-5_12

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