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Chemotherapeutic Agents in Cancer Treatment and Tryptophan Metabolism

  • Chapter
Tryptophan Metabolism: Implications for Biological Processes, Health and Disease

Part of the book series: Molecular and Integrative Toxicology ((MOLECUL))

  • 1444 Accesses

Abstract

Cancer is the uncontrolled division and accumulation of cells in any part of the body. Surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapies are the main treatment strategies against cancers. However, systemic chemotherapy has various side effects, including nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, cardiotoxicity (with anthracyclines), neurotoxicity (with mitotic spindle poisons), and nephrotoxicity (with platinum analogs). Although surgery can be curative in some cases, the main purposes of cancer treatments, especially in metastatic cancer patients, are the palliation of symptoms and increasing survival with better quality of life. Increasing the efficacy and decreasing the toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents are currently the main challenges in cancer treatment, for which substantial effort has been given for years. Melatonin is a hormone produced in the pineal gland from the essential amino acid tryptophan. It is one of the strongest antioxidants identified, with additional chemopreventive, oncostatic, and tumor inhibitory effects in a variety of in vitro and in vivo experimental cancer models. In addition to melatonin synthesis, tryptophan is involved in numerous metabolic activities in the human body, including the biosynthesis of serotonin, kynurenine, and nicotinamide, thereby regulating circadian rhythm, learning, memory, sleep, behavior, mood, appetite, aging, growth, reproduction, immune system, and cancer development. Therefore, tryptophan-related metabolic pathways and catabolites have gained considerable attention, especially in improving cancer treatment and predicting disease activity as well as patient survival. This chapter mainly focuses on the relationship between tryptophan metabolism and chemotherapy; the prognostic value of tryptophan catabolites as cancer biomarkers, tryptophan metabolism, and cancer-related fatigue; the association between melatonin and cancer therapy as well as chemotherapy side effects; and the significance of chronochemotherapy after an initial brief introduction about chemotherapeutic agents.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, 06100, Altindag, Ankara, Turkey

    S. Altug Kesikli M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe Univesity Institute of Oncology, Mustafa Kemal Mahallesi, 2127. Sokak Ata Plaza No:2/2 Sogutozu, Ankara, Turkey

    Nilufer Guler M.D. (Professor Emeritus)

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  1. S. Altug Kesikli M.D., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Nilufer Guler M.D. .

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  1. Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey

    Atilla Engin

  2. Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Gazi University, Hipodrom, Ankara, Turkey

    Ayse Basak Engin

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Kesikli, S.A., Guler, N. (2015). Chemotherapeutic Agents in Cancer Treatment and Tryptophan Metabolism. In: Engin, A., Engin, A. (eds) Tryptophan Metabolism: Implications for Biological Processes, Health and Disease. Molecular and Integrative Toxicology. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15630-9_13

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