Skip to main content

Approaches to Narrative Analysis: Using Personal, Dialogical and Social Stories to Promote Peace

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Methodologies in Peace Psychology

Part of the book series: Peace Psychology Book Series ((PPBS,volume 26))

Abstract

Narrative is a pervasive form of communication in the social world. Stories provide an accessible way to understand the social context of conflict resolution and peace-making processes. In this chapter, examples of narrative theorizing and research from several disciplines are reviewed to focus, in turn, on interpretations of personal experience, identity, storytelling, culture and social circumstances. The ways that narrative analysis can contribute to the integration of these aspects is outlined. As narrative research is used to interpret personal stories in the context of social struggles and historical developments, it provides an opportunity to move beyond individualistic accounts of conflict towards shared resolution and peace. Areas of research in peace studies that could benefit from the use of narrative enquiry are discussed, and examples of methods that include talks, texts, pictures and objects as data are described. Narrative enquiry is a flexible and accessible approach to understanding conflict resolution and peace, which could be used more widely in peace studies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Baumeister, R. F., & Newman, L. S. (1994). How stories make sense of personal experiences: Motives that shape autobiographical narratives. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 676–690.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bell, S. E. (1999). Narratives and lives: Women’s health politics and the diagnosis of cancer for DES daughters. Narrative Inquiry, 9(2), 1–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bell, S. E. (2002). Photo images: Jo Spence’s narratives of living with illness. Health, 6(1), 5–30. doi:10.1177/136345930200600102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blaxter, M. (1997). Whose fault is it? People’s own conceptions of the reasons for health inequalities. Social Science & Medicine, 44(6), 747–756.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P., Accardo, A., Balazs, G., Beaud, S., Bonvin, F., Bourdieu, E., & Wacquant, L. J. D. (1993). The weight of the world: Social suffering in contemporary society (P. P. Ferguson, S. Emanuel, J. Johnson & S. T. Waryn, Trans.). Stanford: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandon, J. C. (2013). Reversing the narrative of hillbilly history: A case study using archaeology at Van Winkle’s Mill in the Arkansas Ozarks. Historical Archaeology, 47(3), 36–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brough, M., Schweitzer, R., Shakespeare-Finch, J., Vromans, L., & King, J. (2012). Unpacking the micro-macro nexus: Narratives of suffering and hope among refugees from Burma recently settled in Australia. Journal Of Refugee Studies, 26(2), 207–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruner, J. S. (1990). Acts of meaning. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bury, M. (2001). Illness narratives: Fact or fiction? Sociology of Health & Illness, 23(3), 263–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carretero, M., & van Alphen, F. (2014). Do master narratives change among high school students? A characterization of how national history is represented. Cognition and Instruction, 32(3), 290–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clandinin, D. J., & Connelly, F. M. (2004). Narrative inquiry: Experience and story in qualitative research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cortazzi, M. (1993). Narrative analysis. London: The Falmer Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cortazzi, M. (2001). Narrative analysis in ethnography. In P. Atkinson, A. Coffey, S. Delamont, J. Lofland, & L. Lofland (Eds.), Handbook of ethnography. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coticchia, F., & De Simone, C. (2014). The war that wasn’t there? Italy’s “Peace Mission” in Afghanistan, strategic narratives and public opinion. Foreign Policy Analysis, 1–23. doi: 10.1111/fpa.12056.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crossley, M. L. (2000). Narrative psychology, trauma and the study of self/identity. Theory and psychology, 10, 527–546.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, B., & Harré, R. (1990). Positioning: The discursive production of selves. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 20, 43–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Fina, A., & Georgakopoulou, A. (2008). Analysing narratives as practices. Qualitative Research, 8(3), 379–387. doi:10.1177/1468794106093634.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doise, W. (1986). Levels of explanation in social psychology (E. Mapstone, Trans.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farmer, P. (1999). Infections and inequalities: The modern plague. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farmer, P. (2004). Sidney W. Mintz Lecture for 2001: An anthropology of structural violence. Current Anthropology, 45(3), 305–325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frank, A. W. (2000). The standpoint of storyteller. Qualitative Health Research, 10(3), 354–365. doi:10.1177/104973200129118499.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gergen, M., & Gergen, K. (1984). The social construction of narrative accounts. In K. Gergen & M. Gergen (Eds.), Historical social psychology. Hillsdale: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gobodo-Madikizela, P. (2012). Remembering the past: Nostalgia, traumatic memory, and the legacy of Apartheid. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 18(3), 252–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Good, B. J. (1994). Medicine, rationality and experience: An anthropological perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gubrium, J., & Holstein, J. (2002). From the individual interview to the interview society. In J. Gubrium & J. Holstein (Eds.), Handbook of interview research: Context & method (pp. 3–32). London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagai, E. B., Hammack, P. L., Pilecki, A., & Aresta, C. (2013). Shifting away from a monolithic narrative on conflict: Israelis, Palestinians, and Americans in conversation. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 19(3), 295–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hammack, P. L. (2010). Identity as burden or benefit? Youth, historical narrative, and the legacy of political conflict. Human Development, 53(4), 173–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hershberg, R. M., & Lykes, M. B. (2013). Redefining family: Transnational girls narrate experiences of parental migration, detention, and deportation. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 14(1), Art. 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiller, P. T. & Chaitin, J. (2014). Their lives, our peace: Narrative inquiry in peace and conflict studies. In R. Cooper & L. Finley (Eds.), Peace and conflict studies research (pp. 137–160). Charlotte: Information Age Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jovchelovitch, S., & Bauer, M. W. (2000). Narrative interviewing. In M. W. Bauer & G. Gaskell (Eds.), Qualitative researching with text, image and sound (pp. 57–74). London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keats, P. A. (2009). Multiple text analysis in narrative research: Visual, written, and spoken stories of experience. Qualitative Research, 9, 181–195. doi:10.1177/1468794108099320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kraft, R. N. (2006). Archival memory: Representations of the Holocaust in oral testimony. Poetics Today, 27(2), 311–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Labov, W. (1972). Language in the inner city. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langellier, K., & Peterson, E. (2004). Storytelling in daily life: Performing narrative. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langenhove, L., & Harré, R. (1999). Introducing positioning theory. In R. Harré & L. Langenhove (Eds.), Positioning theory (pp. 14–32). Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leonard, L., & Ellen, J. (2008). “The Story of My Life”: AIDS and ‘Autobiographical Occasions’. Qualitative Sociology, 31(1), 37–56.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lykes, M. B. (2000). Possible contributions of a psychology of liberation: Whither health and human rights? Journal of Health Psychology, 5(3), 383–397.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lykes, M. B. (2013). Participatory and action research as a transformative praxis: Responding to humanitarian crises from the margins. American Psychologist, 68(8), 774–783.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lykes, M. B., Blanche, M. T., & Hamber, B. (2003). Narrating survival and change in Guatemala and South Africa: The politics of representation and a liberatory community psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology, 31(1/2), 79–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mabala, R. (2006). From HIV prevention to HIV protection: Addressing the vulnerability of girls and young women in urban areas. Environment and Urbanization, 18(2), 407–432.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mishler, E. G. (1986). Research interviewing. Context and narrative. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mishler, E. G. (1995). Models of narrative analysis: A typology. Journal of Narrative and Life History, 5, 87–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murray, M. (2000). Levels of narrative analysis in health psychology. Journal of Health Psychology, 5(3), 337–347.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murray, L. (2009). Looking at and looking back: Visualization in mobile research. Qualitative Research, 9(4), 469–488. doi:10.1177/1468794109337879.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nepstad, S. E. (2001). Creating transnational solidarity: The use of narrative in the U.S.-Central America peace movement. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 6(1), 21–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phoenix, C., & Sparkes, A. (2009). Being Fred: Big stories, small stories and the accomplishment of a positive ageing identity. Qualitative Research, 9(2), 219–236. doi:10.1177/1468794108099322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phoenix, C., Smith, B., & Sparkes, A. C. (2009). Narrative analysis in aging studies: A typology for consideration. Journal of Aging Studies, 24(1), 1–11. doi:10.1016/j.jaging.2008.06.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Radley, A., & Billig, M. (1996). Accounts of health and illness: Dilemmas and representations. Sociology of Health and Illness, 18(2), 220–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Radley, A., & Taylor, D. (2003a). Images of recovery: A photo-elicitation study on the hospital ward. Qualitative Health Research, 13(1), 77–99. doi:10.1177/1049732302239412.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Radley, A., & Taylor, D. (2003b). Remembering one’s stay in hospital: A study in photography, recovery and forgetting. Health, 7(2), 129–159. doi:10.1177/1363459303007002872.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radley, A., Hodgetts, D., & Cullen, A. (2005). Visualizing homelessness: A study in photography and estrangement. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 15(4), 273–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Radley, A., Hodgetts, D., & Cullen, A. (2006). Fear, romance and transience in the lives of homeless women. Social & Cultural Geography, 7(3), 437–461.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riessman, C. K. (2003). Performing identities in illness narrative: Masculinity and multiple sclerosis. Qualitative Research, 3(1), 5–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarbin, T. R. (Ed.). (1986). Narrative psychology: The storied nature of human conduct. New York: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seaton, E. E. (2008). Common knowledge: Reflections on narratives in community. Qualitative Research, 8(3), 293–305. doi:10.1177/1468794106094078.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Senehi, J. (2002). Constructive storytelling: A peace process. Peace and Conflict Studies, 9(2), 41–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skultans, V. (2000). Narrative illness and the body. Anthropology & Medicine, 7(1), 5–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slocum-Bradley, N. R. (2008). Discursive production of conflict in Rwanda. In F. M. Moghaddam, R. Harré, & N. Lee (Eds.), Global conflict resolution through positioning analysis (pp. 207–226). New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D. E. (1987). The everyday world as problematic: A feminist sociology. Boston: Northeastern University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Somers, M. R. (1994). The narrative constitution of identity: A relational and network approach. Theory and Society, 23(5), 605–649.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stephens, C. (2010). Privilege and status in an unequal society: Shifting the focus of health promotion research to include the maintenance of advantage. Journal of Health Psychology, 15(7), 993–1000. doi:10.1177/1359105310371554.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, G., Duncan, N., & Sonn, C. C. (2010). The apartheid archive: Memory, voice and narrative as liberatory praxis. Psychology in Society, 40, 8–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanggaard, L. (2009). The research interview as a dialogical context for the production of social life and personal narratives. Qualitative Inquiry, 15(9), 1498–1515.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uehara, E. S. (2007). “Disturbing phenomenology” in the pain and engagement narratives of Cambodian American survivors of the killing field. Culture, Medicine And Psychiatry, 31(3), 329–358.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Uehara, E. S., Farris, M., Morelli, P. T., & Ishisaka, A. (2001). ‘Eloquent chaos’ in the oral discourse of killing fields survivors: An exploration of atrocity and narrativization. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 25(1), 29–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Enk, A. A. J. (2009). The shaping effects of the conversational interview. Qualitative Inquiry, 15(7), 1265–1286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wengraf, T. (2001). Qualitative research interviewing: Biographic narrative and semi-structured methods. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wilén, N. (2014). Security sector reform, gender and local narratives in Burundi. Conflict, Security & Development, 14(3), 331–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, S. J. (2003). Beyond meaning, discourse and the empirical world: Critical realist reflections on health. Social Theory and Health, 1(1), 42–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mary Breheny .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Breheny, M., Stephens, C. (2015). Approaches to Narrative Analysis: Using Personal, Dialogical and Social Stories to Promote Peace. In: Bretherton, D., Law, S. (eds) Methodologies in Peace Psychology. Peace Psychology Book Series, vol 26. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18395-4_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics