Abstract
A little bit of solid state physics... The schemes of covalent, ionic and mixed bonds are explained which are the basis for the atomic arrangement and crystal structures of semiconductors.
Protons give an atom its identity, electrons its personality.
B. Bryson [148]
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Notes
- 1.
It is debated in femtosecond chemistry whether the bond really forms in this way. However, it is a picture of overwhelming simplicity.
- 2.
Hexagonal diamond is wurtzite structure with two identical atoms in the base.
- 3.
Supposedly, the chemist Friedrich August Kekulé von Stadonitz had a dream about dancing carbon molecules and thus came up with the ring-like molecule structure [156]. Kekulé remembered: ‘During my stay in Ghent, I lived in elegant bachelor quarters in the main thoroughfare. My study, however, faced a narrow side-alley and no daylight penetrated it\(.\ldots \) I was sitting writing on my textbook, but the work did not progress; my thoughts were elsewhere. I turned my chair to the fire and dozed. Again the atoms were gamboling before my eyes. This time the smaller groups kept modestly in the background. My mental eye, rendered more acute by the repeated visions of the kind, could now distinguish larger structures of manifold conformation; long rows sometimes more closely fitted together all twining and twisting in snake-like motion. But look! What was that? One of the snakes had seized hold of its own tail, and the form whirled mockingly before my eyes. As if by a flash of lightning I awoke; and this time also I spent the rest of the night in working out the consequences of the hypothesis.’
- 4.
This energy should not be confused with the band gap \(\varDelta E_{\mathrm {cv}}\), the energy separation of the highest valence-band state and the lowest conduction-band state. The energy splitting \(E_{\mathrm {ba}}\) is the energy separation between the centers of the valence and conduction bands. Mostly, the term \(E_{\mathrm {g}}\) is used for \(\varDelta E_{\mathrm {cv}}\).
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© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
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Grundmann, M. (2016). Bonds. In: The Physics of Semiconductors. Graduate Texts in Physics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23880-7_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23880-7_2
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