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Himalayan Foreland Basin

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The Making of India

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Abstract

Following crustal thickening in the Lesser Himalaya subprovince, particularly along its southern margin due to bending down of the crust, a flexural depression developed immediately south of the emerging young mountain. This was a consequence of tectonic loading. It was a basin that deepened away from the Indian Shield (Fig. 19.1). The formation of this peripheral basin was almost synchronous with the development in the north of the Sindhu Basin due to sagging of the zone of India–Asia welding, dealt with in Chap. 18. The depression was soon invaded by the oceanic water, giving rise to what has been described as the Sirmaur Basin (Valdiya in Dynamic Himalaya. Universities Press, Hyderabad, p 178, 1998a), named after the district in south-eastern Himachal Pradesh. Eroded material from the nascent, and growing orogen filled the basin progressively even as its floor sank due to growing load of the accumulated detritus. The development of the Sirmaur Foreland Basin had commenced in the Early Palaeocene time, as testified by, among other things, the Ranikot Formation in Sindh (Pakistan), the Kakara Formation in Himachal Pradesh and the Amile Formation in Nepal.

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  1. Geodynamics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bengaluru, India

    K. S. Valdiya

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Valdiya, K.S. (2016). Himalayan Foreland Basin. In: The Making of India . Society of Earth Scientists Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25029-8_19

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