Abstract
This chapter analyzes the relationship between family and cyberbullying, a type of technological harassment among peers which is of growing concern in the scientific community and in today’s society. First, this chapter discusses factors associated with family functioning that may predict cyberbullying, particularly the family climate (cohesion, expressivity, and conflict) and parent–children communication. It also examines the role of parental socialization styles and their continuity with parental styles on the Internet: authoritarian style, laissez-faire, permissive and authoritative. In relation to parental styles, one section in this chapter describes the parental monitoring of Internet use and the various types of parental mediation strategies used by parents to control their children’s online behavior. The chapter ends with a section on preventing cyberbullying in the family itself. It concludes that parent–children communication helps create a positive family climate to implement emotionally suitable socialization styles and, in short, to prevent risky behaviors in children.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Accordino, D. B., & Accordino, M. P. (2011). An exploratory study of face-to-face and cyberbullying in sixth grade students. American Secondary Education, 40(1), 14–30.
Aoyama, I., Utsumi, S., & Hasegawa, M. (2012). : Cases, government reports, adolescent relational aggression and parental monitoring roles. In Q. Li, D. Cross & P.K. Smith (Eds.), Cyberbullying in Japan. Cyberbullying in the global playground: Research from international perspectives, (183–201). Oxford: iley-Blackwell. doi:10.1002/9781119954484.ch9.
Appel, M., Stiglbauer, B., Batinic, B., & Holtz, P. (2014). Internet use and verbal aggression: The moderating role of parents and peers. Computers in Human Behavior, 33, 235–241.
Becvar, D. S. (2013). Handbook of family resilience. New York: Springer. doi:11.1007/978-1-4614-3917-2.
Branje, S., Laursen, B., & Collins, W. A. (2013). Parent-child communication during adolescence. In A. L. Vangelisti (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of family communication, (pp. 271–286) New York : Routledge.
Brooks, F. M., Magnusson, J., Spencer, N., & Morgan, A. (2012). Adolescent multiple risk behaviour: an asset approach to the role of family, school and community. Journal of Public Health, 34(Suppl 1), 148–156. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fds001.
Buelga, S. (2013). El cyberbullying: Cuando la red no es un lugar seguro. In E. Estévez (Ed.), Los problemas en la adolescencia: Repuestas y sugerencias para padres y profesionales (pp. 121–140). Madrid: Síntesis.
Buelga, S., & Chóliz, M. (2013). El adolescente frente a las nuevas tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación. In G. Musitu (Ed.), Adolescencia y familia: Nuevos retos en el Siglo XXI (pp. 209–228). México: Trillas.
Buelga, S., Cava, M. J., & Torralba, E. (2014). Influence of family environment in victims of cyberbullying. Paper presented at the meeting of the XII National Congress of Social Psychology. Seville: Spain.
Buelga, S., Iranzo, B., Cava, M. J., & Torralba, E. (2015). Cyberbullying aggressor adolescent’s psychosocial profile. International Journal of Social Psychology, 30(2), 382–406. doi:10.1080/21711976.2015.1016754.
Buist, K. L., Deković, M., Meeus, W., & van Aken, M. A. (2004). The reciprocal relationship between early adolescent attachment and internalizing and externalizing problem behaviour. Journal of Adolescence, 27(3), 251–266. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2003.11.012.
Cava, M. J. (2011). Family, teachers, and peers: Keys for supporting victims of bullying. Psychosocial Intervention, 20(2), 183–192.
Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 487–496. doi:10.1037//0033-2909.113.3.487.
David-Ferdon, C., & Hertz, M. F. (2009). Electronic media and youth violence: A CDC issue brief for researchers. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control.
Díaz-Morales, J. F., Escribano, C., Jankowski, K. S., Vollmer, C., & Randler, C. (2014). Evening adolescents: The role of family relationships and pubertal development. Journal of Adolescence, 37(4), 425–432. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.03.001.
Estévez, E., & Emler, N. (2010). A structural modelling approach to predict adolescent offending behaviour from family, school and community factors. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 16, 201–220.
Estévez, E., Martínez-Ferrer, B., Moreno, D., & Musitu, G. (2006). Relaciones familiares, rechazo entre iguales y violencia escolar. Cultura y Educación, 18(3–4), 335–344. doi:10.1174/113564006779173046.
Gasior, R. M. (2010). Parental awareness of cyberbullying (Doctoral dissertation). B.A., California State University. Chico.
González-Prada, M., Buelga, S., & Ortega-Barón (2014). Suicides in cyberbullying victims. Paper presented at the meeting of the I International Congress of Criminonoly. Valencia: Spain.
Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2008). Personal information of adolescents on the Internet: A quantitative content analysis of MySpace. Journal of Adolescence, 31(1), 125–146. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2007.05.004.
Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. (2013). Social influences on cyberbullying behaviors among middle and high school students. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42, 711–722. doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9902-4.
Holtz, P., & Appel, M. (2011). Internet use and video gaming predict problem behavior in early adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 34(1), 49–58. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.02.004.
Keijsers, L., & Poulin, F. (2013). Developmental changes in parent–child communication throughout adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 49(12), 2301. doi:10.1037/a0032217.
Kiriakidis, S. P., & Kavoura, A. (2010). Cyberbullying: A review of the literature on harassment through the internet and other electronic means. Family & Community Health, 33(2), 82–93. doi:10.1097/FCH.0b013e3181d593e4.
Kokkinos, C. M. (2013). Bullying and victimization in early adolescence: Associations with attachment style and perceived parenting. Journal of School Violence, 12(2), 174–192. doi:10.1080/15388220.2013.766134.
Kowalski, R. M., Limber, S., Limber, S. P., & Agatston, P. W. (2012).Cyberbullying: Bullying in the digital age. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley.
Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 1073–1137. doi:10.1037/a0035618.
Law, D. M., Shapka, J. D., & Olson, B. F. (2010). To control or not to control? Parenting behaviours and adolescent online aggression. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6), 1651–1656. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.06.013.
Leung, L., & Lee, P. S. (2012). The influences of information literacy, internet addiction and parenting styles on internet risks. New Media & Society, 14(1), 117–136. doi:10.1177/1461444811410406.
Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E. J. (2008). Parental mediation of children’s internet use. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 52(4), 581–599. doi:10.1080/08838150802437396.
Longmore, M. A., Manning, W. D., & Giordano, P. C. (2013). Parent-child relationships in adolescence. In M. A. Fine & F. D. Fincham (Eds.), Handbook of family theories: A content-based approach (pp. 28–50). New York: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203075180.ch3.
Low, S., & Espelage, D. (2013). Differentiating cyber bullying perpetration from non-physical bullying: Commonalities across race, individual, and family predictors. Psychology of Violence, 3(1), 39. doi:10.1037/a0030308.
Lwin, M. O., Stanaland, A. J., & Miyazaki, A. D. (2008). Protecting children’s privacy online: How parental mediation strategies affect website safeguard effectiveness. Journal of Retailing, 84(2), 205–217. doi:10.1016/j.jretai.2008.04.004.
Makri-Botsari, E., & Karagianni, G. (2014). Cyberbullying in Greek adolescents: The role of parents. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 3241–3253. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.742.
Manuel, J., García-Linares, M. C., & Casanova-Arias, P. F. (2014). Relaciones entre estilos educativos parentales y agresividad en adolescentes. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 12(32), 147–170.
Martínez-Ferrer, B. (2013). El mundo social del adolescente: Amistades y pareja. In E. Estévez (Ed.), Los problemas en la adolescencia: Respuestas y sugerencias para padres y educadores (pp. 71–96). Madrid: Síntesis.
Martínez-Ferrer, B., Murgui, S., Musitu, G., & Monreal, M. C. (2009). El rol del apoyo parental, las actitudes hacia la escuela y la autoestima en la violencia escolar en adolescente. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 8, 679–692.
Martínez-Ferrer, B., Amador, L. V., Moreno, D., & Musitu, G. (2011a). Implicación y participación comunitaria y ajuste psicosocial en adolescentes. Psicología y Salud, 21(2), 205–214.
Martínez-Ferrer, B., Moreno, D., Amador, L., & Orford, J. (2011b). School victimization among adolescents. An analysis from an ecological perspective. Psychosocial Intervention, 20(2), 149–160. doi:10.5093/in2011v20n2a3.
McCubbin, H. I., & Thompson, A. I. (1987). Family typologies and family assessment.In H.I. McCubbin & A. I. Thompson (Eds.), Family Assessment Inventories for Research and Practice, (pp. 35–49). Madison: University of Wisconsin-Madison.
McCubbin, L. D., & McCubbin, H. I. (2013). Resilience in ethnic family systems: A relational theory for research and practice. In D.S. Becvar (Ed.), Handbook of family resilience (pp. 175–195). New York: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3917-2_11.
Mesch, G. S. (2009). Parental mediation, online activities, and cyberbullying. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 12(4), 387–393. doi:10.1089/cpb.2009.0068.
Minuchin, S. (1974). Families and family therapy. Boston: Harward University Press.
Moos, R. H., & Moos, B. S. (1981). Family environment scale manual. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologist Press.
Moral, M. V., & Ovejero, A. (2013). Perception of family social climate and attitudes towards bullying in adolescents. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 3(2), 149–160.
Moreno, D. (2013). Delincuencia y Adolescencia. In G. Musitu (Ed.), Adolescencia y familia: Nuevos retos en el Siglo XXI (pp. 156–177). México: Trillas.
Musitu, G. (2002). Las conductas violentas de los adolescentes en la escuela: El rol de la familia. Aula abierta, 79, 109–138.
Musitu, G. (2013). Mujer y migración. Los nuevos desafíos en América Latina. México: Editorial Trillas.
Musitu, G., & Cava, M. J. (2001). La familia y la educación. Barcelona: Octaedro.
Musitu, G., & García, J. F. (2004). Consecuencias de la socialización familiar en la cultura española. Psicothema, 16(2), 288–293.
Musitu, G., Buelga, S., Lila, M., & Cava, M. J. (2001). Familia y adolescencia. Madrid: Síntesis.
Navarro, R., Serna, C., Martínez, V., & Ruiz-Oliva, R. (2013). The role of Internet use and parental mediation on cyberbullying victimization among Spanish children from rural public schools. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 28(3), 725–745. doi: 10.1007/s10212-012-0137-2.
Olson, D. H. (1986). Circumplex Model VII: Validation Studies and FACES III. Family Social Science. University of Minnesota 25(3), (pp. 337–351). doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.1986.00337.x.
Olson, D. H. (1991). Commentary: Three‐dimensional (3‐D) circumplex model and revised scoring of FACES III. Family Process, 30(1), 74–79. doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.1991.00074.x.
Olweus, D. (2012). Comments on cyberbullying article: A rejoinder. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9(5), 559–568. doi:10.1080/17405629.2012.705086.
Ortega-Barón, J. (2013). Influencia del clima escolar y del clima familiar en víctimas de cyberbullying. Trabajo final de Master. Universidad de Valencia, Valencia.
Povedano, A., Jiménez, T. I., Moreno, D., Amador, L. V., & Musitu, G. (2012). Relación del conflicto y la expresividad familiar con la victimización en la escuela: El rol de la autoestima, la sintomatología depresiva y el género de los adolescentes. Infancia y Aprendizaje, 35(4), 421–432. doi:10.1174/021037012803495285.
Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants part 1. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1–6. doi:10.1108/10748120110424816.
Proctor, C., & Linley, P. A. (2014). Life satisfaction in youth. In G. A. Fava & C. Ruini (Eds.), Increasing psychological well-being in clinical and educational settings (pp. 199–215). Netherlands: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-8669-0_13.
Rosen, L. D., Cheever, N. A., & Carrier, L. M. (2008). The association of parenting style and child age with parental limit setting and adolescent MySpace behavior. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29, 459–471. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2008.07.005.
Rueger, S. Y., Malecki, C. K., & Demaray, M. K. (2010). Relationship between multiple sources of perceived social support and psychological and academic adjustment in early adolescence: Comparisons across gender. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(1), 47–61. doi:10.1007/s10964-008-9368-6.
Sasson, H., & Mesch, G. (2014). Parental mediation, peer norms and risky online behavior among adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 33, 32–38. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.12.025.
Sasson, H., Erez, R., & Elgali, Z. (2011). Risks on the web: Adolescents’ perceptions and coping mechanisms. The 4th Knowledge Cities World Summit, 350.
Scabini, E., & Manzi, C. (2011). Family processes and identity. In S.J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx, & V.L. Vignoles (Eds.),Handbook of identity theory and research (pp. 565–584). New York: Springer.
Schenk, A. M., Fremouw, W. J., & Keelan, C. M. (2013). Characteristics of college cyberbullies. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2320–2327. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.05.013.
Sijtsema, J. J., Nederhof, E., Veenstra, R., Ormel, J., Oldehinkel, A. J., & Ellis, B. J. (2013). Effects of family cohesion and heart rate reactivity on aggressive/rule-breaking behavior and prosocial behavior in adolescence: The tracking adolescents’ individual lives survey study. Development and Psychopathology, 25(03), 699–712. doi:10.1017/S0954579413000114.
Solecki, S., McLaughlin, K., & Goldschmidt, K. (2014). Promoting positive offline relationships to reduce negative online experiences. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 29(5), 482–484. doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2014.07.001.
Stattin, H., & Kerr, M. (2000). Parental monitoring: A reinterpretation. Child Development, 71(4), 1072–1085. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00210.
Steinberg, L. (1985). Adolescence. New York: Knopf.
Steinberg, L. (2000). The family at adolescence: Transition and transformation. Journal of Adolescent Health, 27(3), 170–178. doi:10.1016/S1054-139X(99)00115-9.
Strom, P. S., & Strom, R. D. (2005). When teens turn cyberbullies. Education Digest: Essential Readings Condensed for Quick Review, 71(4), 35–41.
Subrahmanyam, K., & Šmahel, D. (2011). The darker sides of the internet: Violence, cyber bullying and victimization. In K. Subrahmanyam & D. Šmahel (Eds.), Digital youth: The role of media in development (pp. 179–199). New York: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6278-2_10.
Taiariol, J. (2010). Cyberbullying. The Role of family and school. Wayne State University Dissertations, Paper 118, January 2010, Detroit, Michigan (retrieved october, 30, 2014 from http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu./oa_dissertations/118).
Tippett, N., Wolke, D., & Platt, L. (2013). Ethnicity and bullying involvement in a national UK youth sample. Journal of Adolescence, 36(4), 639–649. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.03.013.
Valcke, M., Bonte, S., De Wever, B., & Rots, I. (2010). Internet parenting styles and the impact on internet use of primary school children. Computers & Education, 55(2), 454–464. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2010.02.009.
Valcke, M., De Wever, B., Van Keer, H., & Schellens, T. (2011). Long-term study of safe internet use of young children. Computers & Education, 57(1), 1292–1305. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2011.01.010.
Van Dijk, M. P., Branje, S., Keijsers, L., Hawk, S. T., Hale, W. W., & Meeus, W. (2014). Self-concept clarity across adolescence: Longitudinal associations with open communication with parents and internalizing symptoms. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(11), 1861–1876. doi:10.1007/s10964-013-0055-x.
Vandebosch, H. (2014). Addressing cyberbullying using a multi-stakeholder approach: The Flemish case. In S.Van der Hof, B.Van den Berg & B. Schermer (Eds.) Minding Minors Wandering the Web: Regulating Online Child Safety (pp. 245–262). TMC Asser Press. doi:10.1007/978-94-6265-005-3_14.
Wade, A., & Beran, T. (2011). Cyberbullying: The new era of bullying. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 26, 44–61. doi:10.1177/0829573510396318.
Wang, J., Iannotti, R. J., & Nansel, T. R. (2009). School bullying among adolescents in the United States: Physical, verbal, relational, and cyber. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45(4), 368–375. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.03.021.
Wray‐Lake, L., Crouter, A. C., & McHale, S. M. (2010). Developmental patterns in decision‐making autonomy across middle childhood and adolescence: European American parents’ perspectives. Child Development, 81(2), 636–651. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01420.x.
Ybarra, M. L., & Mitchell, K. J. (2004). Youth engaging in online harassment: Associations with caregiver–child relationships, Internet use, and personal characteristics. Journal of adolescence, 27(3), 319–336. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.03.007.
Acknowledgments
This study forms part of Research Project PSI2012-33464 “school violence, dating violence, and parent–children violence in adolescence from the ecological perspective,” subsidized by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and Project SM-I-16/2014 “Preventing suicide and depression in adolescent victims of CB in the Valencian Community,” subsidized by the Regional Valencian Ministry of Health (Spain).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Buelga, S., Martínez-Ferrer, B., Musitu, G. (2016). Family Relationships and Cyberbullying. In: Navarro, R., Yubero, S., Larrañaga, E. (eds) Cyberbullying Across the Globe. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25552-1_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25552-1_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-25550-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-25552-1
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)