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Models to Study Phosphorous Dynamics Under Changing Climate

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Quantification of Climate Variability, Adaptation and Mitigation for Agricultural Sustainability

Abstract

Phosphorus the macronutrient, a component of nucleic acid and helpful for grain developmental phases (reproductive growth) of crops. It is also component of energy carriers like ATP, ADP, NADPH and FADPH which provide energy for different physiological processes. Phosphorous plays an important role in the growth, development and yield of crops. However, P causes some environmental problems like eutrophication. The importance of the element necessitate its study through modeling and distribution under changing climate. Since P is present as organic and inorganic form but their fate is different in soils. The inorganic P accounts for 35–70 % while organic form of P accounts for 30–65 % of the total P but it is dominantly available as stabilized forms like diesters. The availability of this P depends upon mineralization processes by soil biota which has dependency upon soil moisture, temperature, physiochemical properties and soil pH. However, the transformation of organic p has strong influence on the availability of P in soil. Therefore, availability of P to crop is extremely complex and its needs to be evaluated using modeling approaches. The Phosphorus Use Efficiency (PUE) for crops might be increased by understanding P-dynamics which may be done by models. The understanding of P dynamics will help to optimized balance use of P. By monitoring P for longer period of time might increase P status of soil. The use of computer models will help to modify fertilizer application which can reduce use of P but will increase PUE. The effects of high temperature, elevated CO2 and drought on the availability of phosphorous, PUE and its dynamics could be modeled using dynamics models like APSIM, AEP or by using regression modeling approaches.

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Abbreviations

ATP:

Adenosine Tri-Phosphate

ADP:

Adenosine di-phosphate

NADP:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

FADP:

Falvin adenine dinucleotide phosphate

APSIM:

Agricultural Production System Simulator

AEP:

Agriculture Ecosystem model

PUE:

Phosphorus Use Efficiency

IPCC:

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

NFDC:

National Fertilizer Development Centre

IFPRI:

International Food Policy Research Institute

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

PAE:

P Acquisition Efficiency

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Waqas Ijaz, Mukhtar Ahmed &  Fayyaz-ul-Hassan

  2. Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA

    Mukhtar Ahmed

  3. PARC- Institute of Advanced Studies in Agriculture, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Asim

  4. Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Islamabad, Pakistan

    M. Aslam

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  1. Waqas Ijaz
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  2. Mukhtar Ahmed
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  3. Fayyaz-ul-Hassan
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  4. Muhammad Asim
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  5. M. Aslam
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Correspondence to Waqas Ijaz .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, PULLMAN, Washington, USA

    Mukhtar Ahmed

  2. Biological System Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA

    Claudio O. Stockle

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Ijaz, W., Ahmed, M., Fayyaz-ul-Hassan, Asim, M., Aslam, M. (2017). Models to Study Phosphorous Dynamics Under Changing Climate. In: Ahmed, M., Stockle, C. (eds) Quantification of Climate Variability, Adaptation and Mitigation for Agricultural Sustainability. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32059-5_15

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