Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Force Sensing for Micro/Meso Milling

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Advanced Mechatronics and MEMS Devices II

Part of the book series: Microsystems and Nanosystems ((MICRONANO))

Abstract

Miniaturized micro/meso-scaled 3-D components are in high demand for a variety of different applications ranging from medical devices to automotive systems. These components can be fabricated using micro/meso-milling techniques. The investigation of the cutting forces exerted during the milling process is crucial to understanding the cutting mechanism of the micro/meso-milling processes, improving overall efficiency of the micro/meso-milling operations, and monitoring tool wear and failure. However, due to the miniaturization of the material removal process at high cutting rates, measuring the characteristics of the cutting forces can be a challenging task. Piezoelectric force sensors with high resolutions and natural frequencies have been developed to address this challenge. This chapter provides a detailed overview of the different types of piezoelectric force sensors developed, the dynamic calibration techniques that have been used to calibrate these sensors as well as the direct implementation and application of these sensors for measuring cutting forces during micro/meso-milling operations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Dow TA, Scattergood RO (2003) Mesoscale and microscale manufacturing processes: challenges for materials, fabrication and metrology. In: Proceedings of the ASPE winter topical meeting, vol 28, pp 1–19

    Google Scholar 

  2. Dhanorker A, Ozel T (2008) Meso/micro scale milling for micro-manufacturing. Int J Mech Manuf Syst 1(1):23–42

    Google Scholar 

  3. Ehmann KF, Bourell D, Culpepper ML et al (2005) International assessment of research and development in micromanufacturing. World Technology Evaluation Center, Baltimore, MD

    Google Scholar 

  4. Li H, Lai X, Li C et al (2008) Development of meso-scale milling machine tool and its performance analysis. Front Mech Eng China 3(1):59–65

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. Chae J, Park SS, Freiheit T (2006) Investigation of micro-cutting operations. Int J Mach Tool Manuf 46(3):313–332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Albrecht A, Park SS, Altintas Y et al (2005) High frequency bandwidth cutting force measurement in milling using capacitance displacement sensors. Int J Mach Tool Manuf 45(9):993–1008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Merchant ME (1945) Mechanics of the metal cutting process: II. Plasticity conditions in orthogonal cutting. J Appl Phys 16(6):318–324

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Vogler MP, Liu X, Kapoor SG et al (2002) Development of meso-scale machine tool (mMT) systems. Technical papers-Society of Manufacturing Engineers-all series

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bissacco G, Gietzelt T, Hansen HN (2008) Force analysis in micro milling Al 6082 T6 in various engagement conditions. In: Proceedings of 4M 2008 conference multi-material micro manufacture, Whittles Publishing, Cardiff

    Google Scholar 

  10. Uhlmann E, Piltz S, Schauer K (2005) Micro milling of sintered tungsten–copper composite materials. J Mater Process Technol 167(2):402–407

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Byrne G, Dornfeld D, Inasaki I et al (1995) Tool condition monitoring (TCM)—the status of research and industrial application. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 44(2):541–567

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Gautschi G (2002) Piezoelectric sensorics: Force, strain, pressure, acceleration and acoustic emission sensors, materials and amplifiers. Springer, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  13. Kistler Group (2009) 3-component dynamometer, Type 9265B. Switzerland

    Google Scholar 

  14. Kistler Group (2005a) 3-component force sensor, Type 9016B4, 9017B, 9018B. Switzerland

    Google Scholar 

  15. Chae J, Park SS (2007) High frequency bandwidth measurements of micro cutting forces. Int J Mach Tool Manuf 47(9):1433–1441

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kang IS, Kim JH, Hong C et al (2010) Development and evaluation of tool dynamometer for measuring high frequency cutting forces in micro milling. Int J Precis Eng Manuf 11(6):817–821

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kistler Group (2005b) 3-component force sensor, Type 9251A, 9252A, 9250A4, 9251A4. Switzerland

    Google Scholar 

  18. Garzon M, Adams O, Veselovac D et al (2012) High speed micro machining processes analysis for the precision manufacturing. Proc CIRP 1:609–614

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Kistler Group (2005c) MiniDyn, Type 9256C. Switzerland

    Google Scholar 

  20. Transchel R, Stirnimann J, Blattner M et al (2012) Effective dynamometer for measuring high dynamic process force signals in micro machining operations. Proc CIRP 1:558–562

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Mekid S (2014) Design and testing of a micro-dynamometer for desktop micro-milling machine. Adv Mater Res 902:267–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Feng Y, Shao F, Nejat G (2014). Prototype development of a three-component force sensor for meso milling applications. In: CIRP sponsored international conference on virtual machining process technology

    Google Scholar 

  23. Feng Y (2015) Development and calibration of a 3-component force sensor for meso-milling. Master’s Thesis, University of Toronto

    Google Scholar 

  24. Feng Y, Xu Y, Nejat G (2015) Dynamic calibration of a three-component force sensor for meso-milling applications. In: CIRP sponsored international conference on virtual machining process technology

    Google Scholar 

  25. Fujii Y (2003) Proposal for a step response evaluation method for force transducers. Meas Sci Technol 14(10):1741

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Kumme R (1998) Investigation of the comparison method for the dynamic calibration of force transducers. Measurement 23(4):239–245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Park YK, Kumme R, Kang DI (2002) Dynamic investigation of a three-component force-moment sensor. Meas Sci Technol 13(5):654

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Fujii Y, Fujimoto H (1999) Proposal for an impulse response evaluation method for force transducers. Meas Sci Technol 10(4):31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Bruns T, Kobusch M (2001) Impulse force calibration: design and simulation of a new calibration device. In: Proceedings of the 17th international conference on force, mass, torque and pressure measurements IMEKO TC3, pp 17–21

    Google Scholar 

  30. Farm J (2003) Split Hopkinson pressure bar technique for dynamic calibration of force transducers. SP Swedish National Testing and Research Institute, Boras, Sweden

    Google Scholar 

  31. Van Nuffel D, Peirs J, De Baere I et al (2012) Calibration of dynamic piezoelectric force transducers using the Hopkinson bar technique. In: 15th international conference on experimental mechanics. INEGI-Instituto de EngenhariaMecânica e Gestão Industrial. ICEM15-2012, pp 341–342

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

This work was funded by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) through the Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology (CANRIMT) and the Discovery grant.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Autonomous Systems and Biomechatronics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3G8

    Yu Hui Feng & Goldie Nejat

Authors
  1. Yu Hui Feng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Goldie Nejat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yu Hui Feng .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Dan Zhang

  2. University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada

    Bin Wei

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Feng, Y.H., Nejat, G. (2017). Force Sensing for Micro/Meso Milling. In: Zhang, D., Wei, B. (eds) Advanced Mechatronics and MEMS Devices II. Microsystems and Nanosystems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32180-6_26

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32180-6_26

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-32178-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-32180-6

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation