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Delirium and Dementia in Older People: A Complex Link

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Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

Part of the book series: Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Neurological Disease ((NSND))

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Abstract

Delirium is a clinical syndrome requiring urgent medical attention. The early diagnosis of this medical emergency is essential to facilitate prompt treatment and management. In older people, the accurate diagnosis of delirium is often hampered by subjective and objective ambiguities, including lack of medical history and informants, changes in person’s surroundings, sensory deprivation, as well as their potential comorbidities and polypharmacy. In the current review, we address the difficulties in diagnostic accuracy between delirium and dementia. We review the latest diagnostic criteria and screening instruments to aid the diagnosis of delirium and how to differentiate between acute (delirium) and chronic (dementia) brain failure. In addition, we also provide an in-depth summary on underlying neurobiological substrates of delirium and address the management (i.e., prevention and treatment) of delirium.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK

    Elizabeta B. Mukaetova-Ladinska

  2. Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

    Elizabeta B. Mukaetova-Ladinska

  3. School of Medicine and Health Institute for the Development of Education and Scholarship (Health IDEAS), Griffith University, QLD, Australia

    Andrew Teodorczuk

  4. School of Medicine & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia

    Tien K. Khoo

  5. Department of Psychiatry, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra – Pólo HUC, Avenida Bissaya Barreto, Coimbra, 3000-075, Portugal

    Joaquim Cerejeira

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  1. Elizabeta B. Mukaetova-Ladinska
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  2. Andrew Teodorczuk
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Correspondence to Elizabeta B. Mukaetova-Ladinska .

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  1. Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte-Hospital de Santa Maria, Instituto de Medicina Molecular (IMM) and Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal

    Ana Verdelho

  2. CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, Nova Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal

    Manuel Gonçalves-Pereira

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Mukaetova-Ladinska, E.B., Teodorczuk, A., Khoo, T.K., Cerejeira, J. (2017). Delirium and Dementia in Older People: A Complex Link. In: Verdelho, A., Gonçalves-Pereira, M. (eds) Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Neurological Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39138-0_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39138-0_7

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-39136-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-39138-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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