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The Different Faces of the Pancreatic Islet

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Pancreatic Islet Isolation

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 938))

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients who receive pancreatic islet transplant experience significant improvement in their quality-of-life. This comes primarily through improved control of blood sugar levels, restored awareness of hypoglycemia, and prevention of serious and potentially life-threatening diabetes-associated complications, such as kidney failure, heart and vascular disease, stroke, nerve damage, and blindness. Therefore, beta cell replacement through transplantation of isolated islets is an important option in the treatment of T1D. However, lasting success of this promising therapy depends on durable survival and efficacy of the transplanted islets, which are directly influenced by the islet isolation procedures. Thus, isolating pancreatic islets with consistent and reliable quality is critical in the clinical application of islet transplantation.

Quality of isolated islets is important in pre-clinical studies as well, as efforts to advance and improve clinical outcomes of islet transplant therapy have relied heavily on animal models ranging from rodents, to pigs, to nonhuman primates. As a result, pancreatic islets have been isolated from these and other species and used in a variety of in vitro or in vivo applications for this and other research purposes. Protocols for islet isolation have been somewhat similar across species, especially, in mammals. However, given the increasing evidence about the distinct structural and functional features of human and mouse islets, using similar methods of islet isolation may contribute to inconsistencies in the islet quality, immunogenicity, and experimental outcomes. This may also contribute to the discrepancies commonly observed between pre-clinical findings and clinical outcomes. Therefore, it is prudent to consider the particular features of pancreatic islets from different species when optimizing islet isolation protocols.

In this chapter, we explore the structural and functional features of pancreatic islets from mice, pigs, nonhuman primates, and humans because of their prevalent use in nonclinical, preclinical, and clinical applications.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Diabetes Research Institute/Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA

    Midhat H. Abdulreda, Over Cabrera, Alejandro Caicedo & Per-Olof Berggren

  2. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA

    Rayner Rodriguez-Diaz & Alejandro Caicedo

  3. The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital L1, Stockholm, SE-171 76, Sweden

    Rayner Rodriguez-Diaz & Per-Olof Berggren

Authors
  1. Midhat H. Abdulreda
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  2. Rayner Rodriguez-Diaz
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  3. Over Cabrera
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  4. Alejandro Caicedo
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  5. Per-Olof Berggren
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Correspondence to Midhat H. Abdulreda .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Cell Therapy of Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Hospital Cruces, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain

    Miriam Ramírez-Domínguez

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Abdulreda, M.H., Rodriguez-Diaz, R., Cabrera, O., Caicedo, A., Berggren, PO. (2016). The Different Faces of the Pancreatic Islet. In: Ramírez-Domínguez, M. (eds) Pancreatic Islet Isolation. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 938. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39824-2_2

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