Skip to main content

Finding Finite Models in Multi-sorted First-Order Logic

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing – SAT 2016 (SAT 2016)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 9710))

Abstract

This work extends the existing MACE-style finite model finding approach to multi-sorted first-order logic. This existing approach iteratively assumes increasing domain sizes and encodes the related ground problem as a SAT problem. When moving to the multi-sorted setting each sort may have a different domain size, leading to an explosion in the search space. This paper focusses on methods to tame that search space. The key approach adds additional information to the SAT encoding to suggest which domains should be grown. Evaluation of an implementation of techniques in the Vampire theorem prover shows that they dramatically reduce the search space and that this is an effective approach to find finite models in multi-sorted first-order logic.

This work was supported by EPSRC grant EP/K032674/1. Martin Suda and Andrei Voronkov were partially supported by ERC Starting Grant 2014 SYMCAR 639270. Andrei Voronkov was also partially supported by the Wallenberg Academy Fellowship 2014 - TheProSE.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Barrett, C., Stump, A., Tinelli, C.: The Satisfiability Modulo Theories Library (SMT-LIB) (2010). http://www.SMT-LIB.org

  2. Blanchette, J.C., Böhme, S., Popescu, A., Smallbone, N.: Encoding monomorphic and polymorphic types. In: Piterman, N., Smolka, S.A. (eds.) TACAS 2013 (ETAPS 2013). LNCS, vol. 7795, pp. 493–507. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  3. Claessen, K., Lillieström, A.: Automated inference of finite unsatisfiability. J. Autom. Reasoning 47(2), 111–132 (2011)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Claessen, K., Lillieström, A., Smallbone, N.: Sort it out with monotonicity. In: Bjørner, N., Sofronie-Stokkermans, V. (eds.) CADE 2011. LNCS, vol. 6803, pp. 207–221. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. Claessen, K., Sörensson, N.: New techniques that improve MACE-style model finding. In: CADE-19 Workshop: Model Computation - Principles, Algorithms and Applications (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Eén, N., Biere, A.: Effective preprocessing in SAT through variable and clause elimination. In: Bacchus, F., Walsh, T. (eds.) SAT 2005. LNCS, vol. 3569, pp. 61–75. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. Eén, N., Sörensson, N.: An extensible SAT-solver. In: Giunchiglia, E., Tacchella, A. (eds.) SAT 2003. LNCS, vol. 2919, pp. 502–518. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  8. Eén, N., Sörensson, N.: Temporal induction by incremental SAT solving. Electr. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 89(4), 543–560 (2003)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Hoder, K., Kovács, L., Voronkov, A.: Case studies on invariant generation using a saturation theorem prover. In: Batyrshin, I., Sidorov, G. (eds.) MICAI 2011, Part I. LNCS, vol. 7094, pp. 1–15. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Korovin, K.: iProver – an instantiation-based theorem prover for first-order logic (System Description). In: Armando, A., Baumgartner, P., Dowek, G. (eds.) IJCAR 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5195, pp. 292–298. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Kovács, L., Voronkov, A.: First-order theorem proving and vampire. In: Sharygina, N., Veith, H. (eds.) CAV 2013. LNCS, vol. 8044, pp. 1–35. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  12. Mccune, W.: A Davis-Putnam Program and its Application to Finite First-Order Model Search: Quasigroup Existence Problems. Technical report, Argonne National Laboratory (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Reynolds, A., Tinelli, C., Goel, A., Krstić, S.: Finite model finding in SMT. In: Sharygina, N., Veith, H. (eds.) CAV 2013. LNCS, vol. 8044, pp. 640–655. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. Schulz, S.: A comparison of different techniques for grounding near-propositional CNF formulae. In: Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference, May 14–16, 2002, Pensacola Beach, Florida, USA, pp. 72–76 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Stump, A., Sutcliffe, G., Tinelli, C.: StarExec, a cross community logic solving service (2012). https://www.starexec.org

  16. Sutcliffe, G.: The TPTP problem library and associated infrastructure. J. Autom. Reasoning 43(4), 337–362 (2009)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Tammet, T.: Reasoning. Gandalf. J. Autom 18(2), 199–204 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Zhang, J., Zhang, H.: SEM: a system for enumerating models. In: Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI 95, Montréal Québec, Canada, August 20–25 1995, vol. 2s, pp. 298–303 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Giles Reger .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Reger, G., Suda, M., Voronkov, A. (2016). Finding Finite Models in Multi-sorted First-Order Logic. In: Creignou, N., Le Berre, D. (eds) Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing – SAT 2016. SAT 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9710. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40970-2_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40970-2_20

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-40969-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-40970-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics