Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of tools for evaluating dietary intakes of individuals and provides dietary recommendations. Such recommendations have been given by government and other groups for over 100 years (Fig. 2.1). The chapter describes the concepts of dietary status, nutritional status, and the available methods for measuring them. The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI), the standards for nutrient intakes in the United States and Canada, are described and their multiple uses are discussed. Major us federal guidance related to nutrition is outlined. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, and recommendations to help guide Americans in altering their current intakes in more healthful directions are summarized. MyPlate (formerly MyPyramid and the Food Guide Pyramid), a guide that provides food-based recommendations based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the DRI, is described. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI), a simple scoring system for of evaluating overall dietary quality including balance, variety, and adequacy of intakes based on the DRI and the Dietary Guidelines is also discussed. Healthy People 2020, a set of national goals for promoting health and preventing disease that involve nutrition, is briefly mentioned. Finally, a new National Nutrition Research Roadmap for Federal human nutrition research 2016–2021 is briefly discussed.
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Abbreviations
- AI:
-
Adequate intake
- AMDR:
-
Acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges
- CV:
-
Coefficient of variation
- DGAC:
-
Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee
- DV:
-
Daily value
- DRI:
-
Dietary reference intakes
- EAR:
-
Estimated average requirement
- HHS:
-
US Department of Health and Human Services
- NHANES:
-
National Health and Nutrition Examination survey
- RDA:
-
Recommended dietary allowance
- SD:
-
Standard deviation
- USDA:
-
US Department of Agriculture
- USRDA:
-
US recommended dietary allowance
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Acknowledgment
This project has been funded at least in part with Federal funds from the National Institutes of Health and also the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, under contract number 53/3-K06-5-10. The contents of this article do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Agriculture, nor do they mention trade names, commercial products, or organizations that imply endorsement by the United States government. April 1 2016.
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Dwyer, J.T., Bailey, R.L. (2017). Nutrition 101: The Concept of Nutritional Status, Standards, and Guides for Nutrient Intakes, Eating Patterns, and Nutrition. In: Rippe, J. (eds) Nutrition in Lifestyle Medicine. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43027-0_2
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