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Pre-clinical and Clinical Management of Osteochondral Lesions

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Regenerative Strategies for the Treatment of Knee Joint Disabilities

Part of the book series: Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials ((SMTEB,volume 21))

Abstract

The majority of osteochondral (OC) lesions occur after injury or trauma of both bone and the overlying cartilage, and symptoms are pain and disability, leading to the risk of inducing osteoarthritis. These lesions are currently repaired by non-surgical and surgical methods or by advanced tissue engineering strategies, which require a proof of efficacy and safety for regulatory approval for human application. Pre-clinical studies using animal models have been the support of OC repair and regeneration with successful clinical outcomes. Small animal models as mice and rabbits, and large animal models as sheep, goats and horses, have been most commonly used according with the outcome goals. Small animals are recommended as a proof of concept, while large animals are endorsed for truly translational research in order to get the regulatory approval for clinical use in humans. An up-to-date of the in vivo studies using different animal models and ongoing clinical trials for the repair and regeneration of OC lesions are presented. Commercialised products for OC repair are also indicated.

Sandra Pina and Viviana Ribeiro have contributed equally to this work.

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Acknowledgments

The research leading to this work has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement No REGPOT-CT2012-316331-POLARIS, and from QREN (ON.2—NORTE-01-0124-FEDER-000016) cofinanced by North Portugal Regional Operational Program (ON.2—O Novo Norte), under the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF), through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Thanks are also due to the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and FSE/POCH (Fundo Social Europeu através do Programa Operacional do Capital Humano), PD/59/2013, for the project PEst-C/SAU/LA0026/201, for the fellowship grants of  Sandra Pina (SFRH/BPD/108763/2015) and Viviana Ribeiro (PD/BD/113806/2015), and for the distinction attributed to J.M. Oliveira under the Investigator FCT program (IF/00423/2012).

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. 3B’s Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Avepark—Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco GMR, Portugal

      Sandra Pina, Viviana Ribeiro, Joaquim Miguel Oliveira & Rui Luís Reis

    2. ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal

      Sandra Pina, Viviana Ribeiro, Joaquim Miguel Oliveira & Rui Luís Reis

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    Correspondence to Sandra Pina .

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    1. 3B’s Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal

      Joaquim Miguel Oliveira

    2. ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate, Laboratory, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal

      Rui Luís Reis

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    Pina, S., Ribeiro, V., Oliveira, J.M., Reis, R.L. (2017). Pre-clinical and Clinical Management of Osteochondral Lesions. In: Oliveira, J., Reis, R. (eds) Regenerative Strategies for the Treatment of Knee Joint Disabilities. Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, vol 21. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44785-8_8

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