Skip to main content

Perceived Versus Actual Predictability of Personal Information in Social Networks

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Internet Science (INSCI 2016)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNISA,volume 9934))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

This paper looks at the problem of privacy in the context of Online Social Networks (OSNs). In particular, it examines the predictability of different types of personal information based on OSN data and compares it to the perceptions of users about the disclosure of their information. To this end, a real life dataset is composed. This consists of the Facebook data (images, posts and likes) of 170 people along with their replies to a survey that addresses both their personal information, as well as their perceptions about the sensitivity and the predictability of different types of information. Importantly, we evaluate several learning techniques for the prediction of user attributes based on their OSN data. Our analysis shows that the perceptions of users with respect to the disclosure of specific types of information are often incorrect. For instance, it appears that the predictability of their political beliefs and employment status is higher than they tend to believe. Interestingly, it also appears that information that is characterized by users as more sensitive, is actually more easily predictable than users think, and vice versa (i.e. information that is characterized as relatively less sensitive is less easily predictable than users might have thought).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    https://databait.hwcomms.com.

  2. 2.

    http://usemp-mklab.iti.gr/usemp/prepilot_survey_data_statistics.pdf.

References

  1. Acquisti, A.: The economics and behavioral economics of privacy. In: Lane, J., Stodden, V., Bender, S., Nissenbaum, H. (eds.) Privacy, Big Data, and the Public Good: Frameworks for Engagement, pp. 98–112. Cambridge University Press (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Acquisti, A., Fong, C.M.: An experiment in hiring discrimination via online social networks. (2015). Available at SSRN 2031979

    Google Scholar 

  3. Agarwal, L., Shrivastava, N., Jaiswal, S., Panjwani, S.: Do not embarrass: re-examining user concerns for online tracking and advertising. In: Proceedings of the Ninth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Backstrom, L., Kleinberg, J., Romantic partnerships, the dispersion of social ties: a network analysis of relationship status on facebook. In: Proceedings of CSCW 2014, pp. 831–841. ACM (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Blei, D.M., Ng, A.Y., Jordan, M.I.: Latent dirichlet allocation. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 3, 993–1022 (2003)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Brandimarte, L., Acquisti, A., Loewenstein, G.: Misplaced confidences: privacy and the control paradox. In: Ninth Annual Workshop on the Economics of InformationSecurity, p. 43, Cambridge (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Breiman, L.: Random forests. Mach. Learn. 45(1), 5–32 (2001)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Conover, M.D., Goncalves, B., Ratkiewicz, J., Flammini, A., Menczer, F.: Predicting the political alignment of twitter users. In: Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust (PASSAT) and SocialCom 2011, pp. 192–199 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Debatin, B., Lovejoy, J.P., Horn, A.-K., Hughes, B.N.: Facebook and online privacy: attitudes, behaviors, and unintended consequences. J. Comput. Mediated Commun. 15(1), 83–108 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Fan, R.-E., Chang, K.-W., Hsieh, C.-J., Wang, X.-R., Lin, C.-J.: Liblinear: a library for large linear classification. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 9, 1871–1874 (2008)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. World Economic Forum. Rethinking personal data: strengthening trust. Technical report, May 2012

    Google Scholar 

  12. Freund, Y., Schapire, R.E., et al.: Experiments with a new boosting algorithm. ICML 96, 148–156 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Ginsca, A.L., Popescu, A., Le Borgne, H., Ballas, N., Vo, P., Kanellos, I.: Large-scale image mining with flickr groups. In: He, X., Luo, S., Tao, D., Xu, C., Yang, J., Hasan, M.A. (eds.) MMM 2015, Part I. LNCS, vol. 8935, pp. 318–334. Springer, Heidelberg (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Hall, M., Frank, E., Holmes, G., Pfahringer, B., Reutemann, P., Witten, I.H.: The weka data mining software: an update. ACM SIGKDD Explor. Newslett. 11(1), 10–18 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Heyman, R., De Wolf, R., Pierson, J.: Evaluating social media privacy settings for personal, advertising purposes. Info 16(4), 18–32 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Jernigan, C., Mistree, B.F., Gaydar: Facebook friendships expose sexual orientation. First Monday, 14(10) (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Knijnenburg, B.P., Kobsa, A., Jin, H.: Dimensionality of information disclosure behavior. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 71(12), 1144–1162 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Kosinski, M., Stillwell, D., Graepel, T.: Private traits and attributes are predictable from digital records of human behavior. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 110(15), 5802–5805 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Madejski, M., Johnson, M., Bellovin, S.M.: A study of privacy settings errors in an online social network. In: PERCOM Workshops (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Nissenbaum, H.: Privacy as contextual integrity. Wash. L. Rev. 79, 101–139 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Pennacchiotti, M., Popescu, A.-M.: Democrats, republicans, starbucks afficionados: user classification in twitter. In: SIGKDD (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Petkos, G., Papadopoulos, S., Kompatsiaris, Y.: PScore: A framework for enhancing privacy awareness in online social networks. In: Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES 2015), pp. 592–600. IEEE (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Petronio, S.S.: Boundaries of Privacy: Dialectics of Disclosure. SUNY series in communication studies. State University of New York Press, Albany (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Raman, A.S., Barloon, J.L., Welch, D.M.: Social media: emerging fair lending issues. Rev. Banking Financial Serv. 28(7), 81–88 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Rao, D., Yarowsky, D., Shreevats, A., Gupta, M.: Classifying latent user attributes in twitter. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Search and Mining User-Generated Contents, pp. 37–44. ACM (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Read, J., Pfahringer, B., Holmes, G.: Multi-label classification using ensembles of pruned sets. In: ICDM 2008, pp. 995–1000 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Read, J., Pfahringer, B., Holmes, G., Frank, E.: Classifier chains for multi-label classification. Mach. Learn. 85(3), 333–359 (2011)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  28. Andrew Schwartz, H., Eichstaedt, J.C., Kern, M.L., Dziurzynski, L., Ramones, S.M., Agrawal, M., Shah, A., Kosinski, M., Stillwell, D., Seligman, M.E.P., et al.: Personality, gender, and age in the language of social media: the open-vocabulary approach. PloS one 8(9), e73791 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Spyromitros-Xioufis, E., Papadopoulos, S., Popescu, A., Kompatsiaris, Y.: Personalized privacy-aware image classification. In: Proceedings of the 6th ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval, ICMR 2016 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Spyromitros-Xioufis, E., Tsoumakas, G., Groves, W., Vlahavas, I.: Multi-target regression via input space expansion: treating targets as inputs. Machine Learning, pp. 1–44 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Stutzman, F., Gross, R., Acquisti, A.: Silent listeners: the evolution of privacy and disclosure on Facebook. J. Privacy Confidentiality 4(2), 7–41 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Theodoridis, T., Papadopoulos, S., Kompatsiaris, Y.: Assessing the reliability of facebook user profiling. In: WWW (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Tsoumakas, G., Katakis, I., Vlahavas, I.: Mining multi-label data. In: Maimon, O., Rokach, L. (eds.) Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Handbook, pp. 667–685. Springer, New York (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  34. Westin, A.: Privacy and Freedom. Bodley Head, London (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Zheleva, E., Getoor, L.: To join or not to join: the illusion of privacy in social networks with mixed public and private user profiles. In: WWW (2009)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

This work is supported by the USEMP FP7 project, partially funded by the EC under contract number 611596.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eleftherios Spyromitros-Xioufis .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing AG

About this paper

Cite this paper

Spyromitros-Xioufis, E., Petkos, G., Papadopoulos, S., Heyman, R., Kompatsiaris, Y. (2016). Perceived Versus Actual Predictability of Personal Information in Social Networks. In: Bagnoli, F., et al. Internet Science. INSCI 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9934. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45982-0_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45982-0_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-45981-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-45982-0

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics