Abstract
The goals of prevention are preventing health problems, favoring conditions for health, and ensuring that people stay healthy.
Universal, primary prevention is concerned with promoting health and healthy behavior. Environmental (nudging) interventions are becoming increasingly important (Sect. 3.1).
Selective prevention, with the choice between a public health imperative and an individual’s informed choice, is aimed at high-risk groups. A tool for the indicated prevention is screening (case-finding) (Sect. 3.2).
Health care-related tertiary prevention is aimed at patients with a health problem, to help make them independent, for example, by casuistic prevention. For successful prevention, involvement of the patient is important (Sect. 3.3).
There are two levels of prevention: (1) individual prevention (high-risk approach) and (2) collective prevention (population approach) in which anonymity and the paradox of prevention are problematic (Sect. 3.5).
Health behavior is voluntary behavior, with shared decision-making rather than a paternalistic model. The patient should have a correct prospective responsibility and risk assessment. Health behavior can be complex (Sect. 3.6).
Prevention includes health promotion, disease prevention, and health protection. Using health promotion, health education focuses on lifestyle and behavior, has an environment-oriented approach and regulation (public health, public health policy; Sect. 3.7).
Health protection consists of laws and regulations for the prevention of health damage and is combined with inspection and control (Sect. 3.8).
Health promotion and health education are based on a community approach; participation and empowerment are needed for success.
Health education is focused on motivating people to behave more healthily and to improve self-management. Health promotion and health education need to be behavior-focused.
Proto-professionalization is the degree to which a patient is able to think from a medical and health-oriented viewpoint. There is a trend toward personalized prevention (Sect. 3.9).
Disease prevention and patient education are focused on promoting self-management (an essential element in the Chronic Care Model; Sect. 3.10).
Prevention includes health education and patient education. The combination of selective, indicated, and secondary prevention and tertiary prevention, and the health care-related, primary prevention is often seen in the allied health profession (Sect. 3.11).
Replacement causes of death is a problem of disease prevention (Sect. 3.12).
The current starting point is that prevention and cure go together.
For good nursing care and the treatment process, prevention must be offered from care more often and more actively, with increasingly personalized prevention and Predictive, Preventive, Personalized, and Participatory (P4) medicine (Sect. 3.13).
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Sassen, B. (2018). Prevention Within the Nursing Profession. In: Nursing: Health Education and Improving Patient Self-Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51769-8_3
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