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Herpes simplex virus Membrane Fusion

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Cell Biology of Herpes Viruses

Part of the book series: Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology ((ADVSANAT,volume 223))

Abstract

Herpes simplex virus mediates multiple distinct fusion events during infection. HSV entry is initiated by fusion of the viral envelope with either the limiting membrane of a host cell endocytic compartment or the plasma membrane. In the infected cell during viral assembly, immature, enveloped HSV particles in the perinuclear space fuse with the outer nuclear membrane in a process termed de-envelopment. A cell infected with some strains of HSV with defined mutations spread to neighboring cells by a fusion event called syncytium formation. Two experimental methods, the transient cell-cell fusion approach and fusion from without, are useful surrogate assays of HSV fusion. These five fusion processes are considered in terms of their requirements, mechanism, and regulation. The execution and modulation of these events require distinct yet often overlapping sets of viral proteins and host cell factors. The core machinery of HSV gB, gD, and the heterodimer gH/gL is required for most if not all of the HSV fusion mechanisms.

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  1. Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA

    Darin J. Weed & Anthony V. Nicola

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    Klaus Osterrieder

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Weed, D.J., Nicola, A.V. (2017). Herpes simplex virus Membrane Fusion. In: Osterrieder, K. (eds) Cell Biology of Herpes Viruses. Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology, vol 223. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53168-7_2

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