Abstract
On 1 September 1982, between MNFI and MNFII, President Ronald Reagan declared to the US public his administration’s commitments to the Middle East peace process. In announcing the unwavering obligation he felt toward Lebanon, the US president quoted Romans 14:19, stating that he would ‘follow after the things which make for peace’; yet seeking peace in Lebanon was a pledge that would thrust Reagan into the most difficult days of his presidency.
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Notes
- 1.
[Address to the Nation on United States Policy for Peace in the Middle East].
- 2.
Michael David Woodward, ‘Ronald Reagan: A Biography’, (Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2012), p.140.
- 3.
[Address to the Nation Announcing the Formation of the New Multinational Force in Lebanon], 20 September 1982.
- 4.
[Short term strategy for Lebanon], 3:21 pm, 28 December 1983, Cable #366307, Box 45, p.4 & [NSDD 103 Strategy for Lebanon], 10 September 1983, Box 91291, RRPL, p.1.
- 5.
Nelson, ‘The Multinational Force in Beirut’, Norton, ‘The Demise of the MNF’, Kemp, ‘The American Peacekeeping Role in Lebanon’, in Anthony McDermott and Kjell Skjelsbaek, The Multinational Force in Beirut, 1982–1984, (Miami: Florida International University Press, 1991) & Ramesh Thakur, ‘International Peacekeeping in Lebanon: United Nations Authority and Multinational Force’, (Boulder and London: Westview Press, 1987), pp.11–121.
- 6.
Odd Arne Westad, ‘The Global Cold War: Third World Interventions and the Making of Our Time’, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), pp.331–363 & Rashid Khalidi, ‘Sowing Crisis: The Cold War and American Dominance in the Middle East’, (Boston: Beacon Press, 2009), pp.145–150.
- 7.
Leon Hadar, ‘Sandstorm: Policy Failure in the Middle East’, (New York: St Martin’s Press, 2015), p.13.
- 8.
Westad, pp.331–363; Rashid Khalidi, ‘Sowing Crisis: The Cold War and American Dominance in the Middle East’, (Boston: Beacon Press, 2009), pp.145–150.
- 9.
Lawrence Pintak, ‘Seeds of Hate: How America’s Flawed Middle East Policy Ignited the Jihad’, (London: Pluto Press, 2003), pp.196–206.
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Varady, C. (2017). Conclusion: Lessons for the Future: The Use of Force in a Peacemaking Intervention. In: US Foreign Policy and the Multinational Force in Lebanon. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53973-7_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53973-7_9
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