Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Clinical Uses of the Botulinum Toxin and Ophthalmology

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Botulinum Toxin Treatment in Clinical Medicine

  • 1031 Accesses

Abstract

Botulinum toxin therapy is now established in the field of ophthalmology for treatment of blepharospasm ,hemifacial spasm and strabismus and may help certain types of nystagmus, apraxia of the eyelid opening, eyelid myokyomia, facial nerve synkinesis, lacrimal hypersecretion syndromes, eyelid retraction, spastic entropion and corneal protective ptosis. In this chapter, I discuss these indications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Scott AB. Botulinum toxin injection of eye muscles to correct strabismus. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1981;79:734–70.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Scott AB, Magoon EH, McNeer KW, Stager DR. Botulinum treatment of strabismus in children. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1989;87:174–84.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Dutton JJ, Buckley EG. Long-term results and complications of botulinum A toxin in the treatment of blepharospasm. Ophthalmology. 1988;95:1529–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Humeau Y, Doussau F, Grant NJ, et al. How botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins block neurotransmitter release. Biochemistry. 2000;82:427–46.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Vissenberg I, Dieleman-Smet H, Tassignon MJ. Botulinum A toxin therapy in ophthalmology: a report of patients with facial dystonias. Bull Soc Belge Ophthalmol. 1993;248:77–82.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Dutton JJ, Fowler AM. Botulinum Toxin in Ophthalmology. Surv Ophthalmol. 2007;52:13–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Carruthers A, Carruthers J. Botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of glabellar rhytides. Dermatol Clin. 2004;22:137–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Scott AB, Kennedy RA, Stubbs HA. Botulinum A toxin injection as a treatment for blepharospasm. Arch Ophthalmol. 1985;103:347–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Shorr N, Seiff SR, Kopelman J. The use of botulinum toxin in blepharospasm. Am J Ophthalmol. 1985;99:542–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Cohen DA, Savino PJ, Stern MB, et al. Botulinum injection therapy for blepharospasm: a review and report of 75 patients. Clin Neuropharmacol. 1986;9:415–29.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Dutton JJ, Buckley EG. Botulinum toxin in the management of blepharospasm. Arch Neurol. 1986;43:380–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Engstrom PF, Arnoult JB, Mazow ML, et al. Effectiveness of botulinum toxin therapy for essential blepharospasm. Ophthalmology. 1987;17:971–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Elston JS. Long-term results of treatment of idiopathic blepharospasm with botulinum toxin injection. Br J Ophthalmol. 1987;71:664–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Carruthers J, Stubbs HA. Botulinum toxin for benign essential blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm and age-related lower eyelid ectropion. Can J Neurol Sci. 1987;14:42–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Cakmur R, Ozturk V, Uzunel F, et al. Comparison of pre-septal and pre-tarsal injections of botulinum toxin in the treatment of blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. J Neurol. 2002;249:64–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Calace P, Cortese G, Piscopo R, et al. Treatment of blepharospasm with botulinum neurotoxin type A: long-term results. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2003;13:331–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Osako M, Keltner JL. Botulinum A toxin (Oculinum) in ophthalmology. Surv Ophthalmol. 1991;36:28–46.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Gonnering RS. Treatment of hemifacial spasm with botulinum A toxin: results and rationale. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 1986;2:143–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Taylor JD, Kraft SP, Kazdan MS, et al. Treatment of blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm with botulinum A toxin: a Canadian multicentre study. Can J Ophthalmol. 1991;26:133–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Sorgun MH, Yilmaz R, Akin YA, Mercan FN, et al. Botulinum toxin injections for the treatment of hemifacial spasm over 16 years. J Clin Neurosci. 2015;22(8):1319–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. McNeer KW, Tucker MG, Guerry CH, et al. Incidence of stereopsis after treatment of infantile esotropia with botulinum toxin. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2003;40:288–92.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Campos EC, Schiavi C, Bellusci C. Critical age of botulinum toxin treatment in essential infantile esotropia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2000;37:328–32.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Dawson EL, Marshman WE, Adams GG. The role of botulinum toxin A in acute-onset esotropia. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:1727–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Dawson EL, Lee JP. Does botulinum toxin have a role in the treatment of small angle esotropia? Strabismus. 2004;12:257–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Holmes JM, Droste PJ, Beck RW, et al. The natural history of acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy or paresis. J AAPOS. 1998;2:265–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Holmes JM, Beck RW, Kip KE, et al. Botulinum toxin treatment versus conservative management in acute traumatic sixth nerve palsy or paresis. J AAPOS. 2000;4:145–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Holmes JM, Leske DA, Christiansen SP. Initial treatment outcomes in chronic sixth nerve palsy. J AAPOS. 2001;5:370–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Rowe FL, Noonan CP. Botulinum toxin for the treatment of strabismus (review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012(2):1–33. Wiley, Art. No:CD006499.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Han SH, Lew H, Jeong CW, et al. Effect of botulinum toxin A chemodenervation in sensory strabismus. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2001;38:68–71.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Kerr NC, Hoehn MB. Botulinum toxin for sixth nerve palsies in children with brain tumors. J AAPOS. 2001;5:21–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Garnham LM, Lawqson JM, O’Neill D, et al. Botulinum toxin in fourth nerve palsies. Aust NZ J Ophthalmology. 1986;93:917–23.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Flores-Reyes EM, Castillo-Lopez MG, Toledo-Silva R, et al. Botulinum toxin type A as a treatment of partially accommodative esotropia. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2016;91(3):120–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Etezad Razavi M, Sharifi M, Armanfar F. Efficacy of botulinum toxin in the treatment of intermittent exotropia. Strabismus. 2014;22(4):176–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Saunte JP, Holmes JM. Sustained improvement of reading symptoms following botulinum toxin A injection for convergence insufficiency. Strabismus. 2014;22(3):95–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Christiansen SP, Chandler DL, Lee KA, et al. Tonic pupil after botulinum toxin-A injection for treatment of esotropia in children. J AAPOS. 2016;20(1):78–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Caruthers J, Carruthers A, et al. The treatment of congenital nystagmus with Botox. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1995;32:306–87.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Repka MX, Savino PJ, Reinecke RD. Treatment of acquired nystagmus with botulinum neurotoxin A. Arch Ophthalmol. 1994;112:1320–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Helveston EM, Pogrebniak AE. Treatment of acquired nystagmus with botulinum A toxin. Am J Ophthalmol. 1988;106:584–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Ruben S, Dunlop IS, Elston J. Retrobulbar botulinum for treatment of oscillopsia. Aust NZ J Ophthalmol. 1994;22:65–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Ruben ST, Lee JP, O’Neil D, et al. The use of botulinum toxin for the treatment of oscillopsia. Ophthalmology. 1994;101:783–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Tomsak RL, Remler BF, Averbuch-Heller L, et al. Unsatisfactory treatment of acquired nystagmus with retrobulbar injection of botulinum toxin. Am J Ophthalmol. 1995;119:489–96.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Forget R, Tozlovanu V, Iancu A, et al. Botulinum toxin improves lid opening delays in blepharospasm-associated apraxia of lid opening. Neurology. 2002;58:1843–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Boghen D, Tozlovanu V, Iancu A, et al. Botulinum toxin therapy for apraxia of lid opening. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002;956:482–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Banik R, Miller NR. Chronic myokymia limited to the eyelid is a benign condition. J Neuroophthalmol. 2004;24:290–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Jordan DR, Anderson RL, Thiese SM, et al. Intractable orbicularis myokymia: treatment alternatives. Ophthalmic Surg. 1989;20:280–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Mountain RE, Murray JA, Quaba A. Management of facial synkinesis with botulinum toxin injection. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1992;17:223–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Roggenkamper P, Laskawi R, Damanz W, et al. Orbicular synkinesis after facial paralysis: treatment with botulinum toxin. Doc Ophthalmol. 1994;86:395–402.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Chua CN, Quhill F, Jones E, et al. Treatment of aberrant facial nerve regeneration with botulinum toxin A. Orbit. 2004;23:213–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Kinkelin I, Hund M, Naumann M, et al. Effective treatment of frontal hyperhidrosis with botulinum toxin A. Br J Dermatol. 2000;143:824–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Kyrmizakis DE, Pangalos A, Papadakis CE, et al. The use of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of Frey and crocodile tears syndromes. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004;62:840–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Hofmann RJ. Treatment of Frey’s syndrome (gustatory sweating) and crocodile tears (gustatory epiphora) with purified botulinum toxin. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000;16:289–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Keegan DJ, Geerlin G, Lee JP, et al. Botulinum toxin treatment for hyperlacrimation secondary to aberrant regenerated seventh nerve palsy or salivary gland transplantation. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002;86:43–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. Scott AB. Injection treatment of endocrine orbital myopathy. Doc Ophthalmol. 1989;58:141–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Biglan AW. Control of eyelid retraction associated with Graves’ disease with botulinum A toxin. Ophthalmic Surg. 1994;25:186–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Traisk F, Tallstedt L. Thyroid associated ophthalmology: botulinum toxin A in the treatment of upper eyelid retraction—a pilot study. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2001;79:585–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Morgenstern KE, Evanchan J, Foster JA, et al. Botulinum toxin type A for dysthyroid upper eyelid retraction. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;20:181–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Shih MJ, Liao SL, Lu HY. A single transcutaneous injection with Botox for dysthyroid lid retraction. Eye. 2004;18:466–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Neetens A, Rubbens MC, Smet H. Botulinum A-toxin treatment of spasmodic entropion of the lower eyelid. Bull Soc Belge Ophthalmol. 1987;224:105–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Adams GG, Kirkness CM, Lee JP. Botulinum toxin A induced protective ptosis. Eye. 1987;1:603–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Ellis MF, Daniell M. An evaluation of the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A when used to produce protective ptosis. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2001;29:394–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Carruthers J, Fagien S, Matarasso SL, et al. Consensus recommendations on the use of botulinum toxin type A in facial aesthetics. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;114:1S–22S.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Fagien S. Botulinum toxin type A for facial aesthetic enhancement: role in facial shaping. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003;112:6S–18S.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Chen AH, Frankel AS. Altering brow contour with botulinum toxin. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am. 2003;11:457–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Jennifer A. Galvin M.D.

  2. Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Jennifer A. Galvin M.D.

Authors
  1. Jennifer A. Galvin M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jennifer A. Galvin M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Emeritus Professor of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

    Bahman Jabbari

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Galvin, J.A. (2018). Clinical Uses of the Botulinum Toxin and Ophthalmology. In: Jabbari, B. (eds) Botulinum Toxin Treatment in Clinical Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56038-0_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56038-0_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-56037-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-56038-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation