Abstract
Treatment of dystonias in the head and neck can be challenging for even the most experienced otolaryngologist. Available oral therapeutic options often fail to provide improvement in many patients and oftentimes come with intolerable systemic side effects that limit their use. With the introduction of botulinum toxin (BTX) to the treatment armamentarium for patients with dystonias, patients would have the chance for treatment by targeting only focal areas. With the use of BTX, treating physicians can focus treatment to only areas affected by the dystonia. This greatly minimizes the occurrence of systemic side effects. In this chapter, we will present a review of the history of the medical applications of BTX and discuss its role in the treatment of various dystonias of the head and neck.
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Madden, L.L., Rosen, C.A. (2018). Non-cosmetic Botulinum Toxin Treatments in the Head and Neck. In: Sittel, C., Guntinas-Lichius, O. (eds) Neurolaryngology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61724-4_9
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