Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Similarity-Based Retrieval and Automatic Adaptation of Semantic Workflows

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Synergies Between Knowledge Engineering and Software Engineering

Part of the book series: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing ((AISC,volume 626))

Abstract

The increasing demand for individual and more flexible process models and workflows asks for new intelligent process-oriented information systems. Such systems should, among other things, support domain experts in the creation and adaptation of process models or workflows. For this purpose, repositories of best practice workflows are an important means as they collect valuable experiential knowledge that can be reused in various ways. In this chapter we present process-oriented case-based reasoning (POCBR) as a method to support the creation and adaptation of workflows based on such knowledge. We provide a general introduction to process-oriented case-based reasoning and present a concise view of the POCBR methods we developed during the past ten years. This includes graph-based representation of semantic workflows, semantic workflow similarity, similarity-based retrieval, and workflow adaptation based on automatically learned adaptation knowledge. Finally, we sketch several application domains such as traditional business processes, social workflows, and cooking workflows.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    if a tasks consumes a data item produced by another one, they are data-flow connected.

  2. 2.

    See http://cake.wi2.uni-trier.de.

  3. 3.

    http://wikitaaable.loria.fr.

  4. 4.

    http://bpmai.org/download/index.html.

  5. 5.

    https://developer.ibm.com/academic.

  6. 6.

    https://ai.wu.ac.at/emisa2015/contest.php.

References

  1. van der Aalst, W.M.: Business process management: a comprehensive survey. ISRN Softw. Eng. 2013, 1–37 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Workflow Management Coalition: Workflow management coalition glossary & terminology (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Freßmann, A., Sauer, T., Bergmann, R.: Collaboration patterns for adaptive software engineering processes. In: Czap, H., Unland, R., Branki, C., Tianfield, H. (eds.) Self-Organization and Autonomic Informatics (I), vol. 135, pp. 304–312. IOS Press, Amsterdam (2005). ISBN 1-58603-577-0

    Google Scholar 

  4. Minor, M., Tartakovski, A., Schmalen, D., Bergmann, R.: Agile workflow technology and case-based change reuse for long-term processes. International Journal of Intelligent Information Technologies 4(1), 80–98 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Taylor, I.J., Deelman, E., Gannon, D.B.: Workflows for e-Science. Springer, Berlin (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Freßmann, A.: Adaptive workflow support for search processes within fire service organisations. In: Reddy, S.M. (ed.) Proceedings of the Fifteenth IEEE International Workshop on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises, pp. 291–296. IEEE Computer Society (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Hung, P., Chiu, D.: Developing workflow-based information integration (WII) with exception support in a web services environment. In: Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2004, p. 10 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Minor, M., Bergmann, R., Görg, S., Walter, K.: Adaptation of cooking instructions following the workflow paradigm. In: Marling, C. (ed.) ICCBR 2010 Workshop Proceedings (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Fleischmann, A., Schmidt, W., Stary, C., Augl, M.: Agiles prozessmanagement mittels subjektorientierung. HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik 50(2), 64–76 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Reichert, M., Weber, B.: Enabling Flexibility in Process-aware Information Systems: Challenges, Methods, Technologies. Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Aamodt, A., Plaza, E.: Case-based reasoning: Foundational issues, methodological variations, and system approaches. AI Commun. 7(1), 39–59 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Minor, M., Montani, S., Recio-García, J.A.: Process-oriented case-based reasoning. Inf. Syst. 40, 103–105 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Bergmann, R., Gessinger, S., Görg, S., Müller, G.: The collaborative agile knowledge engine CAKE. In: Goggins, S.P., Jahnke, I., McDonald, D.W., Bjørn, P. (eds.) Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Supporting Group Work, Sanibel Island, FL, USA, November 09–12, 2014, pp. 281–284. ACM (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Richter, M.M., Weber, R.O.: Case-Based Reasoning - A Textbook. Springer, Berlin (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Lopez De Mantaras, R., McSherry, D., Bridge, D., Leake, D., Smyth, B., Craw, S., Faltings, B., Maher, M.L., Cox, M.T., Forbus, K., Keane, M., Aamodt, A., Watson, I.: Retrieval, reuse, revision and retention in case-based reasoning. Knowl. Eng. Rev. 20(3), 215–240 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Craw, S., Wiratunga, N., Rowe, R.C.: Learning adaptation knowledge to improve case-based reasoning. Artif. Intell. 170(16), 1175–1192 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Badra, F., Cordier, A., Lieber, J.: Opportunistic adaptation knowledge discovery. In: McGinty, L., Wilson, D.C. (eds.) Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, 8th International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning, ICCBR 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5650, pp. 60–74. Springer, Berlin (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Dufour-Lussier, V., Ber, F.L., Lieber, J., Nauer, E.: Automatic case acquisition from texts for process-oriented case-based reasoning. Inf. Syst. 40, 153–167 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Leake, D.B., Wilson, D.C.: Combining CBR with interactive knowledge acquisition, manipulation and reuse. In: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning and Development. ICCBR ’99, pp. 203–217. Springer, London (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Bergmann, R., Freßmann, A., Maximini, K., Maximini, R., Sauer, T.: Case-based support for collaborative business. In: Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Advances in Case-Based Reasoning. ECCBR’06, pp. 519–533. Springer, Berlin (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Montani, S., Leonardi, G.: Retrieval and clustering for supporting business process adjustment and analysis. Inf. Syst. 40, 128–141 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Sauer, T., Maximini, K.: Using workflow context for automated enactment state tracking. In: Minor, M. (ed.) Workshop Proceedings: 8th European Conference on Case-Based Reasoning, Workshop: Case-based Reasoning and Context Awareness (CACOA 2006), pp. 300–314. Universität Trier (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Madhusudan, T., Zhao, J.L., Marshall, B.: A case-based reasoning framework for workflow model management. Data Knowl. Eng. 50(1), 87–115 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Müller, R., Greiner, U., Rahm, E.: A\({}_{\text{gent}}\)w\({}_{\text{ ork }}\): a workflow system supporting rule-based workflow adaptation. Data Knowl. Eng. 51(2), 223–256 (2004). doi:10.1016/j.datak.2004.03.010

  25. Weber, B., Wild, W., Breu, R.: CBRFlow: enabling adaptive workflow management through conversational case-based reasoning. In: Funk, P., González-Calero, P.A. (eds.) Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, 7th European Conference, ECCBR 2004, Madrid, Spain, August 30 - September 2, 2004, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3155, pp. 434–448. Springer, Berlin (2004). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-28631-8_32

  26. Champin, P.A., Solnon, C.: Measuring the similarity of labeled graphs. In: Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, pp. 1066–1067. Springer, Berlin (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Dijkman, R., Dumas, M., Garcia-Banuelos, L.: Graph matching algorithms for business process model similarity search. In: Business Process Management, pp. 48–63 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Goderis, A., Li, P., Goble, C.: Workflow discovery: the problem, a case study from e-science and a graph-based solution. Int. J. Web Serv. Res. 5(4), 2 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Beeri, C., Eyal, A., Kamenkovich, S., Milo, T.: Querying business processes. In: Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, VLDB ’06, pp. 343–354. VLDB Endowment (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Awad, A.: BPMN-Q: a language to query business processes. In: Reichert, M., Strecker, S., Turowski, K. (eds.) Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures - Concepts and Applications. Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures (EMISA’07), St. Goar, Germany, October 8–9, 2007. LNI, vol. 119, pp. 115–128. GI (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Müller, G., Bergmann, R.: POQL: a new query language for process-oriented case-based reasoning. In: Proceedings of the LWA 2015 Workshops: KDML, FGWM, IR, and FGDB. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 1458, pp. 247–255. Trier (2015). http://www.wi2.uni-trier.de/publications/2015_MuellerBergmannLWA.pdf

  32. Richter, M.M.: Foundations of similarity and utility. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference (FLAIRS 2007). AAAI Press (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Bergmann, R.: Experience Management - Foundations, Development Methodology, and Internet-Based Applications. LNAI, vol. 2432. Springer, Berlin (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Bergmann, R., Richter, M.M., Schmitt, S., Stahl, A., Vollrath, I.: Utility-oriented matching: a new research direction for case-based reasoning. In: Schmitt, S., Vollrath, I., Reimer, U. (eds.) 9th German Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning, pp. 264–274 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Kapetanakis, S., Petridis, M., Knight, B., Ma, J., Bacon, L.: A case based reasoning approach for the monitoring of business workflows. In: Bichindaritz, I., Montani, S. (eds.) Case-Based Reasoning. Research and Development, ICCBR 2010, pp. 390–405. Springer (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Montani, S., Leonardi, G., Lo Vetere, M.: Case retrieval and clustering for business process monitoring. In: Proceedings of the ICCBR 2011 Workshops, pp. 77–86 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Goderis, A.: Workflow re-use and discovery in bioinformatics. Ph.D. thesis, University of Manchester (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Leake, D.B., Kendall-Morwick, J.: Towards case-based support for e-science workflow generation by mining provenance. In: Althoff, K.D., Bergmann, R., Minor, M., Hanft, A. (eds.) Advances in CBR, pp. 269–283 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Bergmann, R., Gil, Y.: Similarity assessment and efficient retrieval of semantic workfows. Inf. Syst. 40, 115–127 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Russell, S., Norvig, P.: Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Bergmann, R., Stromer, A.: MAC/FAC retrieval of semantic workflows. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference, FLAIRS 2013, St. Pete Beach, Florida. May 22–24, 2013. (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Gentner, D., Forbus, K.D.: MAC/FAC: a model of similarity-based retrieval. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Cognitive Science Society (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Müller, G., Bergmann, R.: A cluster-based approach to improve similarity-based retrieval for Process-Oriented Case-Based Reasoning. In: 20th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2014), pp. 639–644. IOS Press (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Kaufman, L., Rousseeuw, P.J.: Finding Groups in Data - An Introduction to Cluster Analysis. Wiley, New York (1990)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  45. Wilke, W., Bergmann, R.: Techniques and knowledge used for adaptation during case-based problem solving. In: Pobil, A.P.D., Mira, J., Ali, M. (eds.) 11th International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems, IEA/AIE-98. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1416, pp. 497–506. Springer, Berlin (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Minor, M., Bergmann, R., Görg, S., Walter, K.: Towards case-based adaptation of workflows. In: Case-Based Reasoning. Research and Development, pp. 421–435. Springer, Berlin (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Maximini, K., Maximini, R., Bergmann, R.: An investigation of generalized cases. In: Ashley, K.D., Bridge, D.G. (eds.) Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, 5th International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning, ICCBR 2003, Trondheim, Norway, June 23-26, 2003, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2689, pp. 261–275. Springer, Berlin (2003). doi:10.1007/3-540-45006-8_22

  48. Bergmann, R., Vollrath, I.: Generalized cases: representation and steps towards efficient similarity assessment. In: Burgard, W., Christaller, T., Cremers, A.B. (eds.) KI-99: Advances in Artificial Intelligence, 23rd Annual German Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Bonn, Germany, September 13–15, 1999, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1701, pp. 195–206. Springer, Berlin (1999). doi:10.1007/3-540-48238-5_16

  49. Hanney, K., Keane, M.T.: The adaption knowledge bottleneck: how to ease it by learning from cases. In: Leake, D.B., Plaza, E. (eds.) Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, Second International Conference, ICCBR-97, Providence, Rhode Island, USA, July 25–27, 1997, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1266, pp. 359–370. Springer, Berlin (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Minor, M., Görg, S.: Acquiring adaptation cases for scientific workflows. In: Case-Based Reasoning. Research and Development, 19th International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning, ICCBR 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 6880, pp. 166–180. Springer, Berlin (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Hanney, K., Keane, M.T.: Learning adaptation rules from a case-base. In: Smith, I.F.C., Faltings, B. (eds.) Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, Third European Workshop, EWCBR-96, Lausanne, Switzerland, November 14–16, 1996, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1168, pp. 179–192. Springer, Berlin (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  52. Müller, G., Bergmann, R.: Generalization of workflows in process-oriented case-based reasoning. In: Russell, I., Eberle, W. (eds.) Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference, FLAIRS 2015, Hollywood, Florida, May 18–20, 2015, pp. 391–396. AAAI Press (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Müller, G., Bergmann, R.: Workflow streams: a means for compositional adaptation in process-oriented CBR. In: Lamontagne, L., Plaza, E. (eds.) Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development - 22nd International Conference, ICCBR 2014, Cork, Ireland, September 29, 2014–October 1, 2014. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 8765, pp. 315–329. Springer, Berlin (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  54. Müller, G., Bergmann, R.: Learning and applying adaptation operators in process-oriented case-based reasoning. In: Hüllermeier, E., Minor, M. (eds.) Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development, ICCBR 2015, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, September 28–30, 2015, Proceedings. LNCS, vol. 9343, pp. 259–274. Springer, Berlin (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  55. Müller, G., Bergmann, R.: CookingCAKE: a framework for the adaptation of cooking recipes represented as workflows. In: Kendall-Morwick, J. (ed.) Workshop Proceedings from The Twenty-Third International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning (ICCBR 2015), Frankfurt, Germany, September 28–30, 2015. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 1520, pp. 221–232. CEUR-WS.org (2015). http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1520/paper23.pdf

  56. Görg, S., Bergmann, R., Gessinger, S., Minor, M.: A resource model for cloud-based workflow management systems - enabling access control, collaboration and reuse. In: Desprez, F., Ferguson, D., Hadar, E., Leymann, F., Jarke, M., Helfert, M. (eds.) CLOSER 2013 - Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science, Aachen, Germany, 8–10 May, 2013, pp. 263–272. SciTePress (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  57. Schumacher, P.: Workflow Extraction from Textual Process Descriptions. Verlag Dr. Hut, München (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  58. Schumacher, P., Minor, M., Walter, K., Bergmann, R.: Extraction of procedural knowledge from the web. In: Workshop Proceedings: WWW’12. Lyon, France (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  59. Görg, M.S.: Social Workflows, pp. 77–110. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  60. Görg, S., Bergmann, R.: Social workflows vision and potential study. Inf. Syst. 50, 1–19 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Hitzler, P., Krötzsch, M., Rudolph, S.: Foundations of Semantic Web Technologies. Chapman and Hall/CRC Press (2010). http://www.semantic-web-book.org/

  62. Cordier, A., Lieber, J., Molli, P., Nauer, E., Skaf-Molli, H., Toussaint, Y.: WIKITAAABLE: a semantic wiki as a blackboard for a textual case-base reasoning system. In: 4th Semantic Wiki Workshop (SemWiki 2009) at the 6th European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2009), Hersonissos, Greece, June 1st, 2009. Proceedings. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 464. CEUR-WS.org (2009). http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-464

  63. Stahl, A.: Defining similarity measures: Top-down vs. bottom-up. In: Craw, S., Preece, A.D. (eds.) Advances in Case-Based Reasoning, 6th European Conference, ECCBR 2002 Aberdeen, Scotland, UK, September 4–7, 2002, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2416, pp. 406–420. Springer, Berlin (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  64. Curran, T.A., Ladd, A.: SAP R/3 Business Blueprint: Understanding Enterprise Supply Chain Management. Prentice Hall International, Englewood Cliffs (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  65. Thaler, T., Dadashnia, S., Sonntag, A., Fettke, P., Loos, P.: The IWi process model corpus. Technical report, Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, Postfach 151141, 66041 Saarbrücken (2015). http://scidok.sulb.uni-saarland.de/volltexte/2015/6267

  66. Schumacher, P., Minor, M.: Extracting control-flow from text. In: Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 15th International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration, pp. 203–210. IEEE, San Francisco, California, USA (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  67. Pfister, M., Fuchs, F., Bergmann, R.: Ähnlichkeitsbasiertes Retrieval von BPMN-2.0-Modellen. In: Lernen, Wissen, Daten, Analysen (LWDA 2016) (2016). http://www.wi2.uni-trier.de/publications/2016_PfisterFuchsBergmann_LWDA.pdf

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was funded in part under grant BE1373/3-1 from the German Research Foundation (DFG) and enacted in cooperation with Mirjam Minor and her group from Goethe University Frankfurt.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Business Information Systems II, University of Trier, 54286, Trier, Germany

    Ralph Bergmann & Gilbert Müller

Authors
  1. Ralph Bergmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Gilbert Müller
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gilbert Müller .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology , Kraków, Poland

    Grzegorz J. Nalepa

  2. Universität Würzburg , Würzburg, Germany

    Joachim Baumeister

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bergmann, R., Müller, G. (2018). Similarity-Based Retrieval and Automatic Adaptation of Semantic Workflows. In: Nalepa, G., Baumeister, J. (eds) Synergies Between Knowledge Engineering and Software Engineering. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 626. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64161-4_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64161-4_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-64160-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-64161-4

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation