Skip to main content

Leadership Research and Theory

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Leadership Theory and Research

Abstract

Leadership theories are plagued by the absence of a definitional consensus among scholars. Many theories have emerged about leadership over the years. This chapter examines and evaluates the different early theories of leadership. The Great Man theory focuses on heroic individuals, implying that only a selected few can achieve greatness. The trait theory conceptualises leadership on the universality of some given attributes. The skill theory focuses on the abilities of a leader. Behavioural theory views leaders based on their actions and behaviour, while the contingency theory concerns the context of leadership. The shortcomings and limitations of these different theories, which have led to newer approaches to leadership, are also examined. Case studies are available to assess the reader’s understanding of the relevant approaches in this chapter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Appelbaum, S. H., Audet, L., & Miller, J. C. (2003). Gender and leadership? Leadership and gender? A journey through the landscape of theories. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 24(1), 43–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass and Stogdills handbook of leadership. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bass, B. M., & Bass, R. (2009). The Bass handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications (4th ed.). New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • BBC. (2013). Flights and fights: Inside the low cost airlines documentary. United Kingdom: BBC Two.

    Google Scholar 

  • BBC News. (2009). Ryanair mulls charge for toilets. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/7914542.stm. Accessed 12 June 2017.

  • Blake, R. R., & Mouton, J. S. (1985). The managerial grid III. Houston, Texas: Gulf Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cogliser, C. C., & Brigham, K. H. (2004). The intersection of leadership and entrepreneurship: Mutual lessons to be learned. The Leadership Quarterly, 15(6), 771–799.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corley, K. G., & Gioia, D. A. (2011). Building theory about theory building: What constitutes a theoretical contribution? Academy of Management Review, 36(1), 12–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daft, R. L. (1999). Leadership theory and practice. Orlando: The Dryden Press, Harcourt Brace College Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denmark, F. L. (1993). Women, leadership, and empowerment. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 17(3), 343–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dinh, J. E., Lord, R. G., Gardner, W. L., Meuser, J. D., Liden, R. C., & Hu, J. (2014). Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), 36–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fiedler, F. E. (1978). The contingency model and the dynamics of the leadership process. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in the experimental social psychology (pp. 59–112). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiedler, F. E. (1997). Situational control and a dynamic theory of leadership. In K. Grint (Ed.), Leadership. Classical, contemporary, and critical approaches (pp. 126–148). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill, R. (2011). Theory and practice of leadership (2nd ed.). London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grazer, B. (Producer), & Howard, R. (Director). (1995). Apollo 13 [Motion picture]. United Kingdom: Universal Pictures.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grint, K. (2011). A history of leadership. In A. Bryman, D. Collinson, K. Grint, B. Jackson, & M. Uhl-Bien (Eds.), The Sage handbook of leadership (pp. 1–14). London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • House, R. J., & Aditya, R. N. (1997). The social scientific study of leadership: Quo vadis? Journal of Management, 23(3), 409–473.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Independent. (2015). Ryanair worth €14bn as share rise sends O’Leary’s wealth Skywards. http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/ryanair-worth-14bn-as-share-rise-sends-olearys-wealth-skywards-30885019.html. Accessed 12 June 2017.

  • Kahn, R. L. (1956). The prediction of productivity. Journal of Social Issues, 12(2), 41–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katz, R. L. (1955). Skills of an effective administrator. Harvard Business Review, 33(1), 33–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolb, J. A. (1999). The effect of gender role, attitude toward leadership, and self-confidence on leader emergence: Implications for leadership development. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 10(4), 305–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, K., Lippert, R., & White, R. K. (1939). Patterns of aggressive behavior in experimentally created social climates. Journal of Social Psychology, 10(2), 271–301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lord, R. C., De Vader, C. L., & Alliger, G. M. (1986). A meta-analysis of the relation between personality traits and leadership perceptions: An application of validity generalization procedures. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 402–410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lussier, R. N., & Achua, C. F. (2001). Leadership: Theory, application & skill development. Cincinnati, OH: South Western College Publishing, Thomson learning.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann, R. D. (1959). A review of the relationship between personality and performance in small groups. Psychological Bulletin, 56(4), 241–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McClelland, D. C. (1965). N achievement and entrepreneurship: A longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1(4), 389–392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McClelland, D. C. (1975). Power: The inner experience. New York: Irvington.

    Google Scholar 

  • McClelland, D. C. (1985). Human motivation. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mumford, M. D., Zaccaro, S. J., Harding, F. D., Jacobs, T. O., & Fleishman, E. A. (2000a). Leadership skills for a changing world solving complex social problems. The Leadership Quarterly, 11(1), 11–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mumford, M. D., Marks, M. A., Connelly, M. S., Zaccaro, S. J., & Reiter-Palmon, R. (2000b). Development of leadership skills: Experience and timing. The Leadership Quarterly, 11(1), 87–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • NASA. (2009). Apollo 13. https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo13.html. Accessed 12 June 2017.

  • Northouse, P. G. (2010). Leadership: Theory and practice (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks: CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oakley, J. G. (2000). Gender-based barriers to senior management positions: Understanding the scarcity of female CEOs. Journal of Business Ethics, 27(4), 321–334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, G. N., & Graves, L. M. (2003). Women and men in management (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimanoff, S. B., & Jenkins, M. M. (1991). Leadership and gender: Challenging assumptions and recognizing resources. In R. S. Cathcart & L. A. Samovar (Eds.), Small group communication: A reader (pp. 504–522). Dubuque, IA: W. C. Brown.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spector, B. A. (2016). Carlyle, freud, and the great man theory more fully considered. Leadership, 12(2), 250–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stogdill, R. M. (1948). Personal factors associated with leadership: A survey of the literature. Journal of Psychology, 25(1), 35–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stogdill, R. M. (1974). Handbook of leadership. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Wart, M. (2003). Public-sector leadership theory: An assessment. Public Administration Review, 63(2), 214–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, P. (1996). Managerial leadership. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yukl, G. (1999). An evaluative essay on current conceptions of effective leadership. European Journal of Work & Organizational Psychology, 8(1), 33–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yukl, G. (2010). Leadership in organisations (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yukl, G. (2011). Contingency theories of effective leadership. In A. Bryman, D. Collinson, K. Grint, B. Jackson, & M. Uhl-Bien (Eds.), The Sage handbook of leadership (pp. 286–298). London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christian Harrison .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Harrison, C. (2018). Leadership Research and Theory. In: Leadership Theory and Research . Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68672-1_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics