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STEM Tomography in Biology

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Cellular Imaging

Part of the book series: Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering ((BIOMEDICAL))

Abstract

STEM modality provides major advantages for electron tomography of thicker (>300 nm) biological specimens, both for plastic-embedded, heavy-metal stained samples, and for vitrified, unstained cells. With the proliferation of modern TEM microscopes that allow for switching between TEM and STEM modes with relative ease, we expect the use of STEM tomography to increase. The concepts for STEM imaging are significantly different than for TEM, and therefore we will describe in detail the STEM imaging modality, followed by STEM tomography concepts and applications.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The focus is adjusted per line, assuming that the scan lines are parallel to the tilt axis.

  2. 2.

    This is essentially a statement of Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. To the extent that the electron is localized in space during the scattering process, its momentum, and therefore emission angle, carries a finite uncertainty. Elastic scattering from the atomic nuclei involves a precise localization and therefore a large uncertainty in momentum; inelastic scattering from the much larger electron cloud invokes a correspondingly smaller uncertainty in momentum, hence a small characteristic scattering angle.

  3. 3.

    It should be stressed that we consider here thick samples for which STEM imaging offers advantages over TEM. For the opposite extreme, that is for thin unstained samples up to a few 100s of nanometers, TEM proves superior. For such samples that are considerably thinner than the inelastic MFP, and for which the weak phase approximation holds, TEM phase contrast offers superior contrast and signal-to-noise-ratio compared with the STEM dark field [24].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

    Sharon Grayer Wolf, Eyal Shimoni & Lothar Houben

  2. Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

    Michael Elbaum

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  1. Sharon Grayer Wolf
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  2. Eyal Shimoni
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  3. Michael Elbaum
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  4. Lothar Houben
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Correspondence to Sharon Grayer Wolf .

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  1. Bio21 Institute Advanced Microscopy Facility, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Eric Hanssen

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Wolf, S.G., Shimoni, E., Elbaum, M., Houben, L. (2018). STEM Tomography in Biology. In: Hanssen, E. (eds) Cellular Imaging. Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68997-5_2

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