Abstract
This chapter analyzes the main theories that have guided US foreign policy. First, it introduces the main doctrines, actors, and current debates regarding US foreign policy. Second, it introduces the realist political thought and analyzes how much realism has guided US foreign policy. Afterward, it introduces the liberalist political thought and an analysis of the main debates within liberalism. A special place is given to the Democratic Peace theory, a liberalist theory that has guided US foreign policy since Woodrow Wilson. Realism and liberalism are the main theories in international relations and political science, and it is important for this work to touch upon them in discussing the US foreign policy. But, these theories are only analyzed in the context of how much they have influenced the US policymaking and not in much detail about theoretical concepts.
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Notes
- 1.
The “red” metaphor has been widely used to describe the substitution of the Soviet threat with that of Islamic threat. Authors such as Lewis (1990) and Pipes (1994), who held important positions in W. Bush’s administrations, have often compared these two, and authors such as Esposito (1999), Hadar (1995), and Halliday (1995), among many others, have used the comparison of “red” versus “green” in their writings. We have elaborated more on this when we speak on the “US Foreign Policy and Islam”.
- 2.
The story behind how this turned out to be called the CNN effect is best explained by Babak Bahador (2007: 3): “At 2:38 am, on January 17, 1991, the residents of Baghdad were woken by the launch of the first Gulf War. […] Later that same night, a senior officer at Pentagon Command Center checked his watch while speaking to those planning the air attack and stated, while watching one broadcast, ‘If the cruise missile is on target … the reporter will go off the air about … Now!’ He was right. At that moment, the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) and the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) reports from Baghdad stopped broadcasting. These networks were relying on Iraqi communications network, which had just been destroyed. Cable News Network (CNN), which was transmitted over a dedicated circuit set up before war, however, remained on air. For the next two weeks, CNN was the only American television network broadcasting from Iraq . As a result, this relatively new and renegade organization that promised to be different by delivering 24-hour news surged in recognition and prestige. Its subscription base, in fact, grew substantially over the period of the Gulf War. Its name also became synonymous with rapid image and information transmission from the scene of action and, more importantly, the implication of this phenomenon on politics and foreign policy.”
- 3.
Speeches made by many congressman and senators of that time can be reached at Graebner (1968).
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Shipoli, E.A. (2018). Theoretical Approaches to US Foreign Policy. In: Islam, Securitization, and US Foreign Policy. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71111-9_2
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