Skip to main content

Discussion: Minority Language Rights in Northern Catalonia

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Language Attitudes and Minority Rights
  • 556 Accesses

Abstract

Hawkey utilises the experimental findings of the project to benefit the community, through the proposal of language policy recommendations. In order to pinpoint the needs of Catalan speakers in Northern Catalonia, Hawkey compares the situation in the region against a number of language rights benchmarks, as advanced in the Girona Manifesto. Unsurprisingly, support for Catalan in France is shown to fall short of ambitious language rights suggestions. Comparatively modest revitalisation efforts are suggested, involving the increased presence of Catalan in the media and education sectors. He concludes that the most suitable vehicular language for such efforts is supralocal (and not local) Catalan. This decision is supported by the abundance of extant resources in supralocal Catalan, as well as the existing presence of supralocal varieties in the region, and the typological similarity between supralocal and local varieties.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    With these concerns in mind, Peytaví Deixona (2016) also addresses the issue of how to adopt normative varieties in such a way that preserves Rossellonese Catalan usage as far as possible. He proposes a ‘complementary dialectal model’ (Peytaví Deixona 2016: 33), which is potentially inspired by the Institut d’Estudis Catalans Proposta per a un estàndard oral de la llengua catalana (1999) in its differentiation along the lines of register (IEC 1999: 11). In Peytaví Deixona’s model, more formal registers call for the usage of variants that are closer to the supralocal standard (or at the very least, use of markedly local variants is discouraged in such situations) (Peytaví Deixona 2016: 36–37). As such, there are clear parallels with my ‘middle ground’ proposal, although I do not draw such clear distinctions along the line of register, due to the inherently problematic nature of applying normativising criteria to informal speech styles.

References

  • Baylac Ferrer, Alà. 2017. Le Catalan en Catalogne Nord et dans les Pays Catalans: Même pas mort! Perpignan: Presses Universitaires de Perpignan/Institut Franco-Català Transfronterer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bratt Paulston, Christina. 1997. Language policies and language rights. Annual Review of Anthropology 26: 73–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bressola. 2007. La realitat d’un somni. Trenta anys d’escoles catalanes a la Catalunya del Nord. Barcelona: Edicions de 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bullivant, Brian. 1981. The pluralist dilemma in education: Six case studies. Sydney: Allen and Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Costa Carreras, Joan. 2009. The architect of modern Catalan: Pompeu Fabra (1868–1948). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coulmas, Florian. 1998. Language rights: Interests of states, language groups and the individual. Language Sciences 20: 63–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Varennes, Fernand. 1999. The existing rights of minorities in international law. In Language: A right and a resource. Approaching linguistic human rights, ed. Miklós Kontra, Robert Phillipson, Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, and Tibor Várady. Budapest: Central European University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorian, Nancy. 1998. Western language ideologies and small-language prospects. In Endangered languages: Language loss and community response, ed. Lenore Grenoble and Lindsay Whaley. Cambridge: CUP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eastman, Carol. 1984. Language, ethnic identity and change. In Linguistic minorities, policies and pluralism, ed. John Edwards. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fairclough, Norman, and Ruth Wodak. 1997. Critical discourse analysis. In Discourse studies: A multidisciplinary introduction, ed. Teun van Dijk, vol. 2. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, Michel. 1982. The subject and power. Critical Inquiry 8 (summer): 777–795.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Generalitat de Catalunya. 2006. Statute of Autonomy (English version). http://web.gencat.cat/en/generalitat/estatut/. Accessed 6 Oct 2017.

  • Gorrand, Barbara. 2014. Bilingues ou en immersion: 3116 élèves à l’étroit dans les écoles en catalan des P.-O. L’Indépendant, April 23, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haugen, Einar. 1966. Language conflict and language planning: The case of Modern Norwegian. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hawkey, James. Forthcoming. Past tense variation and language attitudes in Catalan-speaking France. To be submitted to Probus.

    Google Scholar 

  • IDESCAT (Institut d’Estadística de Catalunya). 2013. Població de 15 anys i més segons llengua inicial, d’identificació i habitual, 2013. https://www.idescat.cat/economia/inec?tc=3&id=da01. Accessed 21 Sep 2017.

  • IEC (Institut d’Estudis Catalans). 1999. Proposta per a un estàndard oral de la llengua catalana, I. Fonètica. Barcelona: Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacquemet, Marco. 2010. Language and transnational spaces. In Language and Space: Theories and Methods, ed. Peter Auer and Jürgen E. Schmidt. Berlin and New York: De Gruyter Mouton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jernudd, Björn, and Jirí Nekvapil. 2012. History of the field: A sketch. In The Cambridge handbook of language policy, ed. Bernard Spolsky. Cambridge: CUP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, David Cassels. 2013. Language policy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kloss, Heinz. 1969. Research possibilities on group bilingualism: A report. Quebec: International Centre for Research on Bilingualism.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kontra, Miklós, Robert Phillipson, Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, and Tibor Várady. 1999. Conceptualising and implementing linguistic human rights. In Language: A right and a resource. Approaching linguistic human rights, ed. Miklós Kontra, Robert Phillipson, Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, and Tibor Várady. Budapest: Central European University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kymlicka, Will. 1995. Multicultural citizenship. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kymlicka, Will, and Alan Patten. 2003. Language rights and political theory. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 23: 3–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laborde, Cécile. 2008. Critical republicanism: The hijab controversy and political philosophy. Oxford: OUP.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Labov, William. 1982. Objectivity and commitment in linguistic science: The case of the Black English trial in Ann Arbor. Language in Society 11 (2): 165–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • May, Stephen. 2001. Language and minority rights: Ethnicity, nationalism and the politics of language. Harlow: Pearson.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2006. Language policy and minority rights. In An introduction to language policy: Theory and method, ed. Thomas Ricento. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mooney, Damien. 2015. Confrontation and language policy: Non-militant perspectives on conflicting revitalisation strategies in Béarn, France. In Policy and planning for endangered languages, ed. Mari Jones. Cambridge: CUP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oakes, Leigh. 2016. Normative language policy and minority language rights: Rethinking the case of regional languages in France. Language Policy. Open Access publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-016-9411-5. Accessed 26 Sep 2017.

  • PEN International. 2011. Girona manifesto on linguistic rights. http://www.pen-international.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Girona-Manifesto-ENGLISH.pdf. Accessed 26 Sep 2017.

  • Peytaví Deixona, Joan. 2016. El català al nord de Catalunya a principi del segle XXI. Barcelona: Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

    Google Scholar 

  • Racó Català. 2016, September 22. TV3 no reobrirà la corresponsalia de la Catalunya Nord. Racó Català. https://www.racocatala.cat/noticia/40033/tv3-no-reobrira-corresponsalia-catalunya-nord. Accessed 7 Oct 2017.

  • Réaume, Denise, and Meital Pinto. 2012. Philosophy of language policy. In The Cambridge handbook of language policy, ed. Bernard Spolsky. Cambridge: CUP.

    Google Scholar 

  • République Française. 2015. Constitution de la République Française (version mise à jour en janvier 2015). http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/connaissance/constitution.asp. Accessed 28 Sep 2017.

  • Ruiz, Richard. 1984. Orientations in language planning. NABE Journal 8 (2): 15–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove. 2006. Linguistic human rights. In An introduction to language policy: Theory and method, ed. Thomas Ricento. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove, and Robert Phillipson, eds. 1995. Linguistic human rights: Overcoming linguistic discrimination. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smolicz, Jerzy J. 1979. Culture and education in a plural society. Canberra: Curriculum Development Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spolsky, Bernard. 2004. Language policy. Cambridge: CUP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spolsky, Bernard, and Elana Shohamy. 1999. The languages of Israel: Politics, ideology and practice. Buffalo, NY: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tollefson, James. 2006. Critical theory in language policy. In An introduction to language policy: Theory and method, ed. Thomas Ricento. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tulloch, Shelley. 2008. Preserving dialects of an endangered language. In Language planning and policy: Language planning in local contexts, ed. Anthony J. Liddicoat and Richard B. Baldauf Jr. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • UN (United Nations). 2015 [1948]. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. http://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf. Accessed 21 Sep 2017.

  • UDLR Follow-up Committee. 1998 [1996]. Universal declaration of linguistic rights. Barcelona: Institut d’Edicions de la Diputació de Barcelona.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, Sue. 2004. Language policy and language planning. From nationalism to globalisation. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2007. The right to speak one’s own language: Reflections on theory and practice. Language Policy 6: 203–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfram, Walt, Carolyn Temple Adger, and Donna Christian. 1999. Dialects in schools and communities. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Hawkey, J. (2018). Discussion: Minority Language Rights in Northern Catalonia. In: Language Attitudes and Minority Rights. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74597-8_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74597-8_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-74596-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-74597-8

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics