Abstract
Constantly increasing populations have forced the producers of food into increasing the scale of their production. Consumers expect that, with the increase in food products, their quality will also improve. This is especially evident in the livestock sector, as the demand for animal protein is systematically increasing. This situation led to the search for innovative products of natural origin that could be used in animal husbandry and breeding. This product could be an alga containing ingredients in its biomass that have a positive impact on animal and human organisms. Not only can algae-based feed additives improve production parameters and animal health, they can also affect the quality of animal products. Several studies have been conducted to develop algae in feed for poultry, pigs, cattle and horses. These studies have shown that the use of algae as feed additives can bring many benefits, due to their unique properties.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adamski M, Kupczyński R, Chladek G, Falta D (2011) Influence of propylene glycol and glycerin in Simmental cows in periparturient period on milk yield and metabolic changes. Arch Tierz 54(3):238–248
Adarme-Vega TC, Thomas-Hall SR, Schenk PM (2014) Towards sustainable sources for omega-3 fatty acids production. Curr Opin Biotechnol 26:14–18
Andrews F, Buchanan B, Elliot S, Clariday N, Edwards L (2005) Gastric ulcers in horses. J Anim Sci 83(13_suppl):E18–E21
Baňoch T, Fajt Z, Drabek J, Svoboda M (2010) Iodine and its importance in human and pigs. Veterinarstvi 60(12):690–694
Barclay W, Meager K, Abril J (1994) Heterotrophic production of long chain omega-3 fatty acids utilizing algae and algae-like microorganisms. J Appl Phycol 6(2):123–129
Becker E (2007) Micro-algae as a source of protein. Biotechnol Adv 25(2):207–210
Bezděková B, Jahn P, Vyskočil M, Plachý J (2005) Prevalence of equine gastric ulceration in Standardbred racehorses in Czech Republic. Acta Vet Brno 74(1):59–65
Boyd WC, Almodóvar LR, Boyd LG (1966) Agglutinins in marine algae for human erythrocytes. Transfusion 6(1):82–83
Bravo L (1998) Polyphenols: chemistry, dietary sources, metabolism, and nutritional significance. Nutr Rev 56(11):317–333
Bruneel C, Lemahieu C, Fraeye I, Ryckebosch E, Muylaert K, Buyse J, Foubert I (2013) Impact of microalgal feed supplementation on omega-3 fatty acid enrichment of hen eggs. J Funct Foods 5(2):897–904
Cachaldora P, De Blas J, de Blas J, García-Rebollar P, Álvarez C, Méndez J (2005) Short communication. Effects of type and level of supplementation with dietary n-3 fatty acids on yolk fat composition and n-3 fatty acid retention in hen eggs. Span J Agric Res 3(2):209–212
Chojnacka K, Saeid A, Witkowska Z, Tuhy L (2012) Biologically active compounds in seaweed extracts—the prospects for the application. Open Conf Proc J 1:20–28
Christaki E, Karatzia M, Bonos E, Florou-Paneri P, Karatzias C (2012) Effect of dietary Spirulina platensis on milk fatty acid profile of dairy cows. Asian J Anim Vet Adv 7:597–604
Craigie JS (2011) Seaweed extract stimuli in plant science and agriculture. J Appl Phycol 23(3):371–393
Dobrzański Z, Korczyński M, Chojnacka K, Górecki H, Opaliński S (2008) Influence of organic forms of copper, manganese and iron on bioaccumulation of these metals and zinc in laying hens. J Elem 13(3):309–319
Dolińska B, Opaliński S, Zieliński M, Chojnacka K, Dobrzański Z, Ryszka F (2011) Iodine concentration in fodder influences the dynamics of iodine levels in hen’s egg components. Biol Trace Elem Res 144(1–3):747–752
Drewery M, Sawyer J, Pinchak W, Wickersham T (2014) Effect of increasing amounts of postextraction algal residue on straw utilization in steers. J Anim Sci 92(10):4642–4649
Ememe M, Ememe C (2017) Benefits of super food and functional food for companion animals. In: Superfood and functional food-an overview of their processing and utilization. InTech, London, pp 309–322
Fievez V, Boeckaert C, Vlaeminck B, Mestdagh J, Demeyer D (2007) In vitro examination of DHA-edible micro-algae: 2. Effect on rumen methane production and apparent degradability of hay. Anim Feed Sci Technol 136(1):80–95
Fraeye I, Bruneel C, Lemahieu C, Buyse J, Muylaert K, Foubert I (2012) Dietary enrichment of eggs with omega-3 fatty acids: a review. Food Res Int 48(2):961–969
Fredriksson S, Elwinger K, Pickova J (2006) Fatty acid and carotenoid composition of egg yolk as an effect of microalgae addition to feed formula for laying hens. Food Chem 99(3):530–537
Galland-Irmouli A-V, Fleurence J, Lamghari R, Luçon M, Rouxel C, Barbaroux O, Bronowicki J-P, Villaume C, Guéant J-L (1999) Nutritional value of proteins from edible seaweed Palmaria palmata (Dulse). J Nutr Biochem 10(6):353–359
Ganesan K, Kumar KS, Rao PS (2011) Comparative assessment of antioxidant activity in three edible species of green seaweed, Enteromorpha from Okha, Northwest coast of India. Innov Food Sci Emerg 12(1):73–78
Ginzberg A, Cohen M, Sod-Moriah UA, Shany S, Rosenshtrauch A, Arad S (2000) Chickens fed with biomass of the red microalga Porphyridium sp. have reduced blood cholesterol level and modified fatty acid composition in egg yolk. J Appl Phycol 12(3):325–330
Gładkowski W, Kiełbowicz G, Chojnacka A, Gil M, Trziszka T, Dobrzański Z, Wawrzeńczyk C (2011) Fatty acid composition of egg yolk phospholipid fractions following feed supplementation of Lohmann Brown hens with humic-fat preparations. Food Chem 126(3):1013–1018
Gupta S, Abu-Ghannam N (2011) Recent developments in the application of seaweeds or seaweed extracts as a means for enhancing the safety and quality attributes of foods. Innov Food Sci Emerg 12(4):600–609
Harun R, Singh M, Forde GM, Danquah MK (2010) Bioprocess engineering of microalgae to produce a variety of consumer products. Renew Sust Energ Rev 14(3):1037–1047
He M, Hollwich W, Rambeck W (2002) Supplementation of algae to the diet of pigs: a new possibility to improve the iodine content in the meat. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 86(3–4):97–104
Holdt SL, Kraan S (2011) Bioactive compounds in seaweed: functional food applications and legislation. J Appl Phycol 23(3):543–597
Holman B, Malau-Aduli A (2013) Spirulina as a livestock supplement and animal feed. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 97(4):615–623
Jiménez JT, O’Connell S, Lyons H, Bradley B, Hall M (2010) Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and tyrosinase inhibition activities of acetone extract of Ascophyllum nodosum. Chem Pap 64(4):434–442
Kalogeropoulos N, Chiou A, Gavala E, Christea M, Andrikopoulos NK (2010) Nutritional evaluation and bioactive microconstituents (carotenoids, tocopherols, sterols and squalene) of raw and roasted chicken fed on DHA-rich microalgae. Food Res Int 43(8):2006–2013
Kang K, Park Y, Hwang HJ, Kim SH, Lee JG, Shin H-C (2003) Antioxidative properties of brown algae polyphenolics and their perspectives as chemopreventive agents against vascular risk factors. Arch Pharm Res 26(4):286–293
Kassis N, Drake SR, Beamer SK, Matak KE, Jaczynski J (2010) Development of nutraceutical egg products with omega-3-rich oils. LWT-Food Sci Technol 43(5):777–783
Khozin-Goldberg I, Iskandarov U, Cohen Z (2011) LC-PUFA from photosynthetic microalgae: occurrence, biosynthesis, and prospects in biotechnology. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 91(4):905
Kolanowski W (2007) Długołańcuchowe wielonienasycone kwasy tłuszczowe omega-3 – znaczenie zdrowotne w obniżeniu ryzyka chorób cywilizacyjnych. Bromatol Chem Toksykol 3:229–237
Kole C, Michler CH, Abbott AG, Hall TC (2010) Transgenic crop plants. Springer, Berlin
Korczyński M, Opaliński S (2012) Dodatki paszowe jako potencjalna perspektywa dla przemysłu chemicznego. Przem Chem 5:792–795
Korczyński M, Witkowska Z, Opaliński S, Świniarska M, Dobrzański Z (2015) Algae extract as a potential feed additive. In: Marine algae extracts: processes, products, and applications. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, pp 603–626
Korol W (2002) Mineralne dodatki paszowe-regulacje prawne. Pasze Przem 4:18–19
Kostik V, Gjorgjeska B, Bauer B, Filev K (2015) Production of shell eggs enriched with n-3 fatty acids. ISORPHR 5(8):48–51
Kulpys J, Paulauskas E, Pilipavicius V, Stankevicius R (2009) Influence of cyanobacteria Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis biomass additive towards the body condition of lactation cows and biochemical milk indexes. Agron Res 7:823–835
Kumar M, Kumari P, Trivedi N, Shukla MK, Gupta V, Reddy C, Jha B (2011) Minerals, PUFAs and antioxidant properties of some tropical seaweeds from Saurashtra coast of India. J Appl Phycol 23(5):797–810
Kupczyński R, Janeczek W, Pogoda-Sewerniak K, Dzieciol M, Szoltysik M, Zawadzki W (2011) Wpływ zastosowania alg morskich i oleju rybnego na wydajność, skład mleka oraz parametry biochemiczne krwi krów. Acta Sci Pol, Medicina Veterinaria 10(4):35–46
Kupczyński R, Adamski M, Falta D, Roman A (2012a) The efficiency of propolis in post-colostral dairy calves. Arch Tierzucht 55:315–324
Kupczyński R, Kuczaj M, Szołtysik M, Stefaniak T (2012b) Influence of fish oil, palm oil and glycerol on milk fatty acid composition and metabolism in cows during early lactation. Archiv für Tierzucht 55(6):540–551
Kupczyński R, Piasecki T, Bednarski M (2013) Zioła i propolis jako dodatki funkcjonalne dla przemysłu paszowego. Przem Chem 8(92):1549–1553
Lemahieu C, Bruneel C, Termote-Verhalle R, Muylaert K, Buyse J, Foubert I (2014) Effect of different microalgal n− 3 PUFA supplementation doses on yolk color and n− 3 LC-PUFA enrichment in the egg. Algal Res 6:119–123
Leonard S, Sweeney T, Pierce K, Bahar B, Lynch B, O’Doherty J (2010) The effects of supplementing the diet of the sow with seaweed extracts and fish oil on aspects of gastrointestinal health and performance of the weaned piglet. Livest Sci 134(1):135–138
Lewis NM, Seburg S, Flanagan N (2000) Enriched eggs as a source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for humans. Poult Sci 79(7):971–974
López-Alonso M, Rey-Crespo F, Orjales I, Rodríguez-Bermúdez R, Miranda M (2016) Effects of different strategies of mineral supplementation (marine algae alone or combined with rumen boluses) in organic dairy systems. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 100(5):836–843
McDermid KJ, Stuercke B (2003) Nutritional composition of edible Hawaiian seaweeds. J Appl Phycol 15(6):513–524
Michalak I, Chojnacka K (2008) The application of macroalga Pithophora varia Wille enriched with microelements by biosorption as biological feed supplement for livestock. J Sci Food Agric 88(7):1178–1186
Michalak I, Chojnacka K, Dobrzański Z, Górecki H, Zielińska A, Korczyński M, Opaliński S (2011) Effect of macroalgae enriched with microelements on egg quality parameters and mineral content of eggs, eggshell, blood, feathers and droppings. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 95(3):374–387
Michalak I, Świniarska M, Korczyński M, Opaliński S, Rój E, Chojnacka K (2016) Supercritical algal extracts as the component of pro-health preparations for animals. In: BIT’s 9th annual world congress of industrial biotechnology, Seoul, South Korea
Mittelman N, Engiles J, Murphy L, Vudathala D, Johnson A (2016) Presumptive iatrogenic microcystin-associated liver failure and encephalopathy in a Holsteiner gelding. J Vet Intern Med 30(5):1747–1751
Moate P, Williams S, Hannah M, Eckard R, Auldist M, Ribaux B, Jacobs J, Wales W (2013) Effects of feeding algal meal high in docosahexaenoic acid on feed intake, milk production, and methane emissions in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 96(5):3177–3188
Moir T, O’Brien J, Hill S, Waldron L (2016) The influence of feeding a high calcium, algae supplement on gastric ulceration in adult horses. J Appl Anim Nutr 4. https://doi.org/10.1017/jan.2016.7
Moore-Colyer M, O’gorman DM, Wakefield K (2014) An in vitro investigation into the effects of a marine-derived, multimineral supplement in simulated equine stomach and hindgut environments. J Equine Vet Sci 34(3):391–397
Murray M, Schusser G, Pipers F, Gross SJ (1996) Factors associated with gastric lesions in Thoroughbred racehorses. Equine Vet J 28(5):368–374
Nitsan Z, Mokady S, Sukenik A (1999) Enrichment of poultry products with ω3 fatty acids by dietary supplementation with the alga Nannochloropsis and mantur oil. J Agric Food Chem 47(12):5127–5132
Nogradi N, Couetil L, Messick J, Stochelski M, Burgess J (2015) Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation provides an additional benefit to a low-dust diet in the management of horses with chronic lower airway inflammatory disease. J Vet Intern Med 29(1):299–306
Nwosu F, Morris J, Lund VA, Stewart D, Ross HA, McDougall GJ (2011) Anti-proliferative and potential anti-diabetic effects of phenolic-rich extracts from edible marine algae. Food Chem 126(3):1006–1012
O’Doherty J, Dillon S, Figat S, Callan J, Sweeney T (2010) The effects of lactose inclusion and seaweed extract derived from Laminaria spp. on performance, digestibility of diet components and microbial populations in newly weaned pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 157(3):173–180
O’sullivan A, O’Callaghan Y, O’Grady M, Queguineur B, Hanniffy D, Troy D, Kerry J, O’Brien N (2011) In vitro and cellular antioxidant activities of seaweed extracts prepared from five brown seaweeds harvested in spring from the west coast of Ireland. Food Chem 126(3):1064–1070
Oke S, McIlwraith C (2010) Review of the economic impact of osteoarthritis and oral joint-health supplements in horses. In: Proceedings of the 56th Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, 4–8 December 2010. American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP), pp 12–16
Opaliński S, Dolińska B, Korczyński M, Chojnacka K, Dobrzański Z, Ryszka F (2012) Effect of iodine-enriched yeast supplementation of diet on performance of laying hens, egg traits, and egg iodine content. Poult Sci 91(7):1627–1632
Pangestuti R, Kim S-K (2011) Biological activities and health benefit effects of natural pigments derived from marine algae. J Funct Foods 3(4):255–266
Papadopoulos G, Goulas C, Apostolaki E, Abril R (2002) Effects of dietary supplements of algae, containing polyunsaturated fatty acids, on milk yield and the composition of milk products in dairy ewes. J Dairy Res 69(03):357–365
Park J, Upadhaya S, Kim I (2015) Effect of dietary marine microalgae (Schizochytrium) powder on egg production, blood lipid profiles, egg quality, and fatty acid composition of egg yolk in layers. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 28(3):391
Raj EDS (2016) UV–VIS and HPLC studies on Amphiroa anceps (Lamarck) Decaisne. Arab J Chem 9:S907–S913
Rao PS, Mantri VA, Ganesan K (2007) Mineral composition of edible seaweed Porphyra vietnamensis. Food Chem 102(1):215–218
Reddy CM, Bhat VB, Kiranmai G, Reddy MN, Reddanna P, Madyastha K (2000) Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 by C-phycocyanin, a biliprotein from Spirulina platensis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 277(3):599–603
Rizzi L, Bochicchio D, Bargellini A, Parazza P, Simioli M (2009) Effects of dietary microalgae, other lipid sources, inorganic selenium and iodine on yolk n-3 fatty acid composition, selenium content and quality of eggs in laying hens. J Sci Food Agric 89(10):1775–1781
Rupérez P (2002) Mineral content of edible marine seaweeds. Food Chem 79(1):23–26
Ryckebosch E, Bruneel C, Muylaert K, Foubert I (2012) Microalgae as an alternative source of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lipid Technol 24(6):128–130
Saeid A, Chojnacka K, Korczyński M, Korniewicz D, Dobrzański Z (2013a) Biomass of Spirulina maxima enriched by biosorption process as a new feed supplement for swine. J Appl Phycol 25(2):667–675
Saeid A, Chojnacka K, Korczyński M, Korniewicz D, Dobrzański Z (2013b) Effect on supplementation of Spirulina maxima enriched with Cu on production performance, metabolical and physiological parameters in fattening pigs. J Appl Phycol 25(5):1607–1617
Sardi L, Martelli G, Lambertini L, Parisini P, Mordenti A (2006) Effects of a dietary supplement of DHA-rich marine algae on Italian heavy pig production parameters. Livest Sci 103(1):95–103
Senthilkumar K, Manivasagan P, Venkatesan J, Kim S-K (2013) Brown seaweed fucoidan: biological activity and apoptosis, growth signaling mechanism in cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 60:366–374
Ševčíková S, Skřivan M, Dlouhá G, Koucký M (2006) The effect of selenium source on the performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. Czech J Anim Sci 51(10):449–457
Simkus A, Oberauskas V, Laugalis J, Želvytė R, Monkevičienė I, Sederevičius A, Šimkienė A, Pauliukas K (2007) The effect of weed Spirulina platensis on the milk production in cows. Vet Zootec 38(60):74–77
Simkus A, Oberauskas V, Zelvyte R, Monkeviciene I, Laugalis J, Sederevicius A, Simkiene A, Juozaitiene V, Juozaitis A, Bartkeviciute Z (2008) The effect of the microalga Spirulina platensis on milk production and some microbiological and biochemical parameters in dairy cows. Paper presented at the Zhivotnov’dni Nauki
Sirakov I, Velichkova K, Nikolov G (2012) The effect of algae meal (Spirulina) on the growth performance and carcass parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J BioSci Biotech:151–156
Skrivan M, Simane J, Dlouhá G, Doucha J (2006) Effect of dietary sodium selenite, Se-enriched yeast and Se-enriched Chlorella on egg Se concentration, physical parameters of eggs and laying hen production. Czech J Anim Sci 51(4):163
Smet SD (2012) Meat, poultry, and fish composition: strategies for optimizing human intake of essential nutrients. Anim Front 2(4):10–16
Spolaore P, Joannis-Cassan C, Duran E, Isambert A (2006) Commercial applications of microalgae. J Biosci Bioeng 101(2):87–96
Stamey J, Shepherd D, de Veth M, Corl B (2012) Use of algae or algal oil rich in n-3 fatty acids as a feed supplement for dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 95(9):5269–5275
Stengel DB, Connan S, Popper ZA (2011) Algal chemodiversity and bioactivity: sources of natural variability and implications for commercial application. Biotechnol Adv 29(5):483–501
Taintor JS, Wright J, Caldwell F, Dymond B, Schumacher J (2014) Efficacy of an extract of blue-green algae in amelioration of lameness caused by degenerative joint disease in the horse. J Equine Vet Sci 34(10):1197–1200
Tokuşoglu Ö, Üunal M (2003) Biomass nutrient profiles of three microalgae: Spirulina platensis, Chlorella vulgaris, and Isochrisis galbana. J Food Sci 68(4):1144–1148
Tuhy Ł, Witkowska Z, Saeid A, Chojnacka K (2012) Zastosowanie ekstraktów glonowych w wytwarzaniu nawozów, pasz, żywności i kosmetyków. Przem Chem 5(91):1031–1034
Wongcharoen W, Chattipakorn N (2005) Antiarrhythmic effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 14(4):307
Yates CM, Philip CC, Rainger GE (2014) Pharmacology and therapeutics of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in chronic inflammatory disease. Pharmacol Ther 141(3):272–282
Yuan YV, Walsh NA (2006) Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of extracts from a variety of edible seaweeds. Food Chem Toxicol 44(7):1144–1150
Zahid PB, Aisha K, Ali A (1995) Green seaweed as component of poultry feed. Bangladesh J Bot 2(24):153–156
Zhang C, Li X, S-k K (2012) Application of marine biomaterials for nutraceuticals and functional foods. Food Sci Biotechnol 21(3):625–631
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Konkol, D., Górniak, W., Świniarska, M., Korczyński, M. (2018). Algae Biomass in Animal Production. In: Chojnacka, K., Wieczorek, P., Schroeder, G., Michalak, I. (eds) Algae Biomass: Characteristics and Applications. Developments in Applied Phycology, vol 8. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74703-3_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74703-3_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-74702-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-74703-3
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)