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Alterations on Cellular Redox States upon Infection and Implications for Host Cell Homeostasis

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Metabolic Interaction in Infection

Part of the book series: Experientia Supplementum ((EXS,volume 109))

Abstract

The cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and its phosphate form, NADP+, are crucial molecules present in all living cells. The delicate balance between the oxidized and reduced forms of these molecules is tightly regulated by intracellular metabolism assuring the maintenance of homeostatic conditions, which are essential for cell survival and proliferation. A recent cluster of data has highlighted the importance of the intracellular NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH ratios during host–pathogen interactions, as fluctuations in the levels of these cofactors and in precursors’ bioavailability may condition host response and, therefore, pathogen persistence or elimination. Furthermore, an increasing interest has been given towards how pathogens are capable of hijacking host cell proteins in their own advantage and, consequently, alter cellular redox states and immune function. Here, we review the basic principles behind biosynthesis and subcellular compartmentalization of NAD+ and NADP+, as well as the importance of these cofactors during infection, with a special emphasis on pathogen-driven modulation of host NAD+/NADP+ levels and contribution to the associated immune response.

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Funding Statement

This work was supported by the Northern Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000013) and the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) (contracts SFRH/BD/120127/2016 to IM and IF/00021/2014 to RS), and Infect-Era (project INLEISH).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal

    Inês Mesquita & Ricardo Silvestre

  2. ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal

    Inês Mesquita & Ricardo Silvestre

  3. MIVEGEC (IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université Montpellier), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France

    Baptiste Vergnes

Authors
  1. Inês Mesquita
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  2. Baptiste Vergnes
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  3. Ricardo Silvestre
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Correspondence to Ricardo Silvestre .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal

    Ricardo Silvestre

  2. Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal

    Egídio Torrado

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Mesquita, I., Vergnes, B., Silvestre, R. (2018). Alterations on Cellular Redox States upon Infection and Implications for Host Cell Homeostasis. In: Silvestre, R., Torrado, E. (eds) Metabolic Interaction in Infection. Experientia Supplementum, vol 109. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74932-7_4

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