Abstract
In this chapter four alternative realizations of the nullator using a single VM or two VMs are summarized. Similarly four alternative realizations of the norator using a single CM or two CMs are also demonstrated. It is also shown that the VM-CM pair can be used to realize a Nullor, A Voltage Op Amp, A Current Op amp, Voltage follower (VF), Voltage Inverter (VI), Current follower (CF), current Inverter (CI), Current Conveyors CCII+, CCII-, ICCII+ and an ICCII- without the use of any external resistors. The use of the VM-CM pair with additional resistors to realize the family of controlled sources, transconductance amplifiers and other active building blocks using NAM expansion is included. Finally it is shown the Nullator-CM pair as well as its adjoint which is the VM-Norator pair can also be used as Universal building blocks.
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Soliman, A.M. (2018). Applications of the Voltage Mirror-Current Mirror in Realizing Active Building Blocks. In: Fakhfakh, M., Pierzchala, M. (eds) Pathological Elements in Analog Circuit Design. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 479. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75157-3_7
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