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Functional Neurosurgery for Sequelae of Traumatic Brain Injury

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Controversies in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Management

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Abstract

Traumatic brain injury represents a significant public health problem in the USA as well as worldwide. Post-TBI disability can include both motor (tremor, dystonia, paresis) and cognitive (depression, memory, epilepsy, disorders of consciousness, and arousal) domains. Current therapies include physical, occupational, and cognitive rehabilitation, but pharmacologic and surgical treatments are lacking and are areas of intense interest. In this chapter, we will explore the functional treatments for TBI, both noninvasive and invasive, the underlying pathologic mechanisms, and future directions and applications of functional technology for augmentation of recovery after TBI.

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Abbreviations

ABR:

Auditory brainstem responses

BDNF:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

CM:

Centromedian thalamus

DBS:

Deep brain stimulation

EEG:

Electroencephalogram

ET:

Essential tremor

GPi:

Globus pallidus internal nucleus

ITP:

Interthalamic peduncle

LTP:

Long-term potentiation

MCS:

Minimally conscious state

NAcc:

Nucleus accumbens

NGF:

Nerve growth factor

RMNS:

Right median nerve electrical stimulation

SCC:

Subgenual cingulate cortex

SCS:

Spinal cord stimulation

SSEP:

Somatosensory evoked potentials

STN:

Subthalamic nucleus

TBI:

Traumatic brain injury

tDCS:

Transcranial direct-current stimulation

TMS:

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

VC/VS:

Ventral capsule/ventral striatum

VIM:

Ventral intermediate nucleus

VOA:

Ventral oral anterior nucleus

VOP:

Ventral oral posterior nucleus

VPL:

Ventroposterolateral nucleus

VS:

Vegetative state

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  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Shands Hospital of the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    William R. Y. Carlton Jr. MD & Gregory J. A. Murad MD, FAANS

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Correspondence to Gregory J. A. Murad MD, FAANS .

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  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State University Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA

    Shelly D. Timmons

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Carlton, W.R.Y., Murad, G.J.A. (2018). Functional Neurosurgery for Sequelae of Traumatic Brain Injury. In: Timmons, S. (eds) Controversies in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89477-5_18

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