Skip to main content

Overview of Uni-modal and Multi-modal Representations for Classification Tasks

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Natural Language Processing and Information Systems (NLDB 2018)

Abstract

Classification is one of the most fundamental tasks in data mining and machine learning. It is being applied in an increasing number of fields, e.g. filtering, identification, information retrieval, information extraction, and similarity detection. A basic and necessary condition for the success of a classification task is the proper representation of the information it wishes to classify. Classification is needed in domains that are based on uni-modal representations such as text, images, audio, and speech, as well as in domains that are based on multi-modal representations. This paper aims to provide a short review on the developing area of multi-modal representations for classification with emphasis on state-of-the-art systems in this area. Firstly, fundamentals of uni-modal representations are given. Secondly, an overview of multi-modal representations is given. Thirdly, various related systems using multi-modal representations and the datasets used by them are briefly summarized with a comparative summary of these systems.

A. Wiesen — This research is in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the PhD degree by the first author at Ariel University.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Arevalo, J., Solorio, T., Montes-y Gómez, M., González, F.A.: Gated multimodal units for information fusion. arXiv preprint arXiv:1702.01992 (2017)

  2. Atefeh, F., Khreich, W.: A survey of techniques for event detection in Twitter. Comput. Intell. 31(1), 132–164 (2015)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  3. Baltrušaitis, T., Ahuja, C., Morency, L.P.: Multimodal machine learning: a survey and taxonomy. arXiv preprint arXiv:1705.09406 (2017)

  4. Bengio, Y., Courville, A., Vincent, P.: Representation learning: a review and new perspectives. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 35(8), 1798–1828 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Bruni, E., Tram, N., Baroni, M., et al.: Multimodal distributional semantics. J. Artif. Intell. Res. 49, 1–47 (2014)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Fukui, A., Park, D.H., Yang, D., Rohrbach, A., Darrell, T., Rohrbach, M.: Multimodal compact bilinear pooling for visual question answering and visual grounding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.01847 (2016)

  7. Hofmann, T.: Probabilistic latent semantic indexing. SIGIR Forum 51(2), 211–218 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Kiela, D., Bottou, L.: Learning image embeddings using convolutional neural networks for improved multi-modal semantics. In: Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 36–45 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Kiela, D., Grave, E., Joulin, A., Mikolov, T.: Efficient large-scale multi-modal classification. arXiv preprint arXiv:1802.02892 (2018)

  10. Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., Hinton, G.E.: Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 1097–1105 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Lazaridou, A., Pham, N.T., Baroni, M.: Combining language and vision with a multimodal skip-gram model. arXiv preprint arXiv:1501.02598 (2015)

  12. Le, Q., Mikolov, T.: Distributed representations of sentences and documents. In: International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 1188–1196 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  13. LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y., Hinton, G.: Deep learning. Nature 521(7553), 436 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Liparas, D., HaCohen-Kerner, Y., Moumtzidou, A., Vrochidis, S., Kompatsiaris, I.: News articles classification using random forests and weighted multimodal features. In: Lamas, D., Buitelaar, P. (eds.) IRFC 2014. LNCS, vol. 8849, pp. 63–75. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12979-2_6

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Liu, Y., Zhang, D., Lu, G., Ma, W.Y.: A survey of content-based image retrieval with high-level semantics. Pattern Recognit. 40(1), 262–282 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Mikolov, T., Chen, K., Corrado, G., Dean, J.: Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space. arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.3781 (2013)

  17. Ngiam, J., Khosla, A., Kim, M., Nam, J., Lee, H., Ng, A.Y.: Multimodal deep learning. In: Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML 2011), pp. 689–696 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Rosenthal, S., Farra, N., Nakov, P.: Sentiment analysis in Twitter. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval 2017), pp. 502–518 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Silberer, C., Lapata, M.: Learning grounded meaning representations with autoencoders. In: Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), vol. 1, pp. 721–732 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Socher, R., Karpathy, A., Le, Q.V., Manning, C.D., Ng, A.Y.: Grounded compositional semantics for finding and describing images with sentences. Trans. Assoc. Comput. Linguist. 2(1), 207–218 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Srivastava, N., Salakhutdinov, R.R.: Multimodal learning with deep Boltzmann machines. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 2222–2230 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Weston, J., Bengio, S., Usunier, N.: Wsabie: Scaling up to large vocabulary image annotation. In: IJCAI. 11, pp. 2764–2770 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aryeh Wiesen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Wiesen, A., HaCohen-Kerner, Y. (2018). Overview of Uni-modal and Multi-modal Representations for Classification Tasks. In: Silberztein, M., Atigui, F., Kornyshova, E., Métais, E., Meziane, F. (eds) Natural Language Processing and Information Systems. NLDB 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 10859. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91947-8_41

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91947-8_41

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-91946-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-91947-8

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics