Abstract
The emergence and widespread use of e-cigarettes have generated a huge debate among scientists, public health personnel and policy makers. Drawing on interviews with a sample of Stop Smoking Advisors and e-cigarettes users in SE England, this chapter discusses some of the ethical issues linked to the contemporary views of nicotine addiction and the use of e-cigarettes as part of the Harm Reduction principle. In view of the principlism framework this chapter reflects on the anti-smoking regulations and discusses the development of e-cigarettes regulations in the United Kingdom (UK). E-cigarettes have established a new entity that might lead to a cultural redefinition of nicotine addiction; thus, challenging attempts to establish an ethical framework for the acceptable use of e-cigarettes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aceijas, C. 2012. The Ethics in Substitution Treatment and Harm Reduction. An Analytical Review. Public Health Reviews 34 (1): 16.
Action on Smoking and Health (ASH). 2004. Review of the Implementation of the Tobacco Product Regulation Directive 2001/37/EC. http://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_164.pdf.
———. January 2013. Electronic Cigarettes. Available at: http://www.sfata.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/ash.org_.uk_files_documents_ASH_715.pdf. Accessed 20 May 2014.
———. October 2014. Q&A: The Regulation of Nicotine Containing Products in the UK. Available at: http://ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_938.pdf. Accessed 1 Nov 2015.
———. 2016. Use of Electronic Cigarettes (Vapourisers) Among Adults in Great Britain. Fact Sheet. Available at: http://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_891.pdf. Accessed 25 May 2016.
Adkison, S.E., R.J. O‘Connor, M. Bansal-Travers, A. Hyland, R. Borland, H.H. Yong, K.M. Cummings, A. McNeill, J.F. Thrasher, D. Hammond, and G.T. Fong. 2013. Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: International Tobacco Control Four-Country Survey. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 44 (3): 207–215.
Bauld, L. 2016. Expert Reaction to Study of E-Cigarette Use and Cigarette Smoking in Children. Available at: Expert Reaction to Study of E-Cigarette Use and Cigarette Smoking in Children |Science Media Centre|Expert Reaction to Study of E-Cigarette Use and Cigarette Smoking in Children |Science Media Centre. Accessed 24 Feb 2016.
Bauld, L., and M.L. Munafó. 2015. E-Cigarette Use in Enclosed Public Places: How Can Research Inform Regulation? Available at: http://www.e-cigarette-summit.com/files/2015/11/930-Linda-Bauld1.pdf. Accessed 20 Nov 2015.
Bauld, L., K. Angus, and M. de Andrade. 2014. E-Cigarette Uptake and Marketing! Report No. 2014079. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/311491/Ecigarette_uptake_and_marketing.pdf. Accessed 30 Apr 2015.
Bean, S. 2014. E-Cigarettes: Exploring Associated Ethical and Policy Implications for Hospitals UPDATE FALL 30 (3). The Lung Association Ontario Respiratory Care Society. Available at: http://www.on.lung.ca/document.doc?id=2403. Accessed 23 Mar 2015.
Beard, A. 2015. Relapse Prevention Thursday, 5 November 2015. Available at: http://alanbeard.blogspot.com.es/2015/11/relapse-prevention.html?m=1. Accessed 20 Nov 2015.
Beauchamp, T.L., and J.F. Childress. 2001. Principles of Biomedical Ethics. 5th ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
———. 2009. Principles of Biomedical Ethics. 6th ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
Bell, K., and H. Keane. 2012. Nicotine Control: E-Cigarettes, Smoking and Addiction. International Journal of Drug Policy 23: 242–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2012.01.006.
Berridge, V. 1999. Histories of Harm Reduction: Illicit Drugs, Tobacco, and Nicotine. Substance Use & Misuse 34 (1): 35–47.
Biener, L., and J. Hargraves. 2014. A Longitudinal Study of Electronic Cigarette Use Among a Population-Based Sample of Adult Smokers: Association with Smoking Cessation and Motivation to Quit. Nicotine Tobacco Research 17 (2): 127–133.
Borry, P., P. Schotsmans, and K. Dierickx. 2005. The Birth of the Empirical Turn in Bioethics. Bioethics 19 (1): 49–71.
Buchanan, D.R. 2008. Autonomy, Paternalism, and Justice: Ethical Priorities in Public Health. American Journal of Public Health 98 (1): 15–21. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2007.110361.
Buchman, D.Z., W. Skinner, and J. Illes. 2010. Negotiating the Relationship Between Addiction, Ethics, and Brain Science. AJOB Neuroscience 1 (1): 36–45 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2910924/#R27.
Burstyn, I. 2014. Peering Through the Mist: Systematic Review of What the Chemistry of Contaminants in Electronic Cigarettes Tells Us About Health Risks. BMC Public Health 14 (1): 1.
Cahn, Z., and M. Siegel. 2011. Electronic Cigarettes as a Harm Reduction Strategy for Tobacco Control: A Step Forward or a Repeat of Past Mistakes? Journal of Public Health Policy 32 (1): 16–31.
Callahan, D. 1999. The Social Sciences and the Task of Bioethics. Daedalus 128: 275–294.
Campbell, N. 2012. Medicalization and Biomedicalization: Does the Diseasing of Addiction Fit the Frame? In Critical Perspectives on Addiction, Advances in Medical Sociology, ed. J. Netherland, vol. 14, 3–25. Bingley: Emerald.
Caponnetto, P., D. Campagna, G. Papale, C. Russo, and R. Polosa. 2012. The Emerging Phenomenon of Electronic Cigarettes. Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine 6 (1): 63–74.
Czogala, J., M.L. Goniewicz, B. Fidelus, W. Zielinska-Danch, M.J. Travers, and A. Sobczak. 2014. Secondhand Exposure to Vapors from Electronic Cigarettes. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 16 (6): 655–662.
Dackis, C., and C. O’Brien. 2005. Neurobiology of Addiction: Treatment and Public Policy Ramifications. Nature Neuroscience 8 (11): 1431–1436.
Dar, R., and H. Frenk. 2004. Do Smokers Self-Administer Pure Nicotine? A Review of the Evidence. Psychopharmacology 17 (3): 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-004-1781-2.
de Andrade, M., & G. Hastings 2013. Research Priorities and Policy Directions. Tobacco Harm Reduction and Nicotine Containing Products. Cancer Research UK. Available at: http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/prod_consump/groups/cr_common/@nre/@pol/documents/generalcontent/tobacco-harm-reduction.pdf. Accessed (17 Dec 2013.
de Andrade, M., G. Hastings, and K. Angus. 2013. Promotion of Electronic Cigarettes: Tobacco Marketing Reinvented. BMJ 347: f7473. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f7473.
Department of Health (DOH). 1998. Smoking Kills: A White Paper on Tobacco. Available at: http://www.archive.official-documents.co.uk/document/cm41/4177/contents.htm. Accessed 30 Dec 2013.
———. 2011. Healthy Lives, Healthy People: A Tobacco Control Plan for England. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/213757/dh_124960.pdf. Accessed 5 Jan 2014.
Doll, R. 2004. Evolution of Knowledge of the Smoking Epidemic. In Tobacco and Public Health: Science and Policy, ed. P. Boyle, N. Gray, J. Henningfield, J. Seffrin, and W. Zatonski, 3–16. New York: Oxford University Press.
European Commission. 2014. Memo Questions & Answers: New Rules for Tobacco Products. Available at: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-14-134_en.htm. Accessed 20 Nov 2015.
Evans, J.H. 2000. A Sociological Account of the Growth of Principlism. Hastings Center Report 30 (5): 31–39.
Fairchild, A.L., R. Bayer, and J. Colgrove. 2014. The Renormalization of Smoking? E-Cigarettes and the Tobacco “Endgame”. The New England Journal of Medicine 370 (4): 293–295.
Farsalinos, K., G. Romagna, D. Tsiapras, S. Stamatis Kyrzopoulos, and V. Voudris. 2013. Evaluating Nicotine Levels Selection and Patterns of Electronic Cigarette Use in a Group of “Vapers” Who Had Achieved Complete Substitution of Smoking. Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 7: 139–146.
Farsalinos, K.E., G. Romagna, D. Tsiapras, S. Kyrzopoulos, and V. Voudris. 2014. Characteristics, Perceived Side Effects and Benefits of Electronic Cigarette use: A Worldwide Survey of More Than 19,000 Consumers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11 (4): 4356–4373.
Fox, R. 1976. Advanced Medical Technology – Social and Ethical Implications. Annual Review of Sociology 2: 231–268.
Gartner, C.E., W.D. Hall, S. Chapman, and B. Freeman. 2007. Should the Health Community Promote Smokeless Tobacco (Snus) as a Harm Reduction Measure? PLoS Medicine 4 (7): e185.
Glover, E.D. 2006. Successfully Treating Nicotine Dependence. American Journal of Health Education 37 (1): 6–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/19325037.2006.10598872.
Goniewicz, M., J. Knysak, M. Gawron, L. Kosmider, A. Sobczak, J. Kurek, A. Prokopowicz, et al. 2014. Levels of Selected Carcinogens and Toxicants in Vapour from Electronic Cigarettes. Tobacco Control 23: 133–139. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050859.
Haimes, E. 2002. What Can the Social Science Contribute to the Study of Ethics? Theoretical, Empirical and Substantive Considerations. Bioethics 16 (2): 89–113.
Hajek, P. 2015. The Development and Testing of New Nicotine Replacement Treatments: From ‘Nicotine Replacement’ to ‘Smoking Replacement’. Addiction 110: 19–22.
Hajek, P., J.F. Etter, N. Benowitz, T. Eissenberg, and H. McRobbie. 2014. Electronic Cigarettes: Review of Use, Content, Safety, Effects on Smokers and Potential for Harm and Benefit. Addiction 109 (11): 1801–1810.
Hall, W., C. Gartner, & C. Forlini. 2015. Ethical Issues Raised by a Ban on the Sale of Electronic Nicotine Device. Addiction. Article first published online: 5 Apr 2015. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12898.
Hedgecoe, A. 2004. Critical Bioethics: Beyond the Social Science Critique of Applied Ethics. Bioethics 18 (2): 120–143.
Henningfield, J., and N. Benowitz. 2004. ‘Pharmacology of Nicotine Addiction’, Tobacco and Public Health: Science and Policy, 129–147. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
———. 2010. Bioethics and the Reinforcement of Socio-technical Expectations. Social Studies of Science 40 (2): 163–186. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312709349781.
Hoffmaster, B. 1992. Can Ethnography Save the Life of Medical Ethics? Social Science & Medicine 35: 1421–1431.
Hummel, K., C. Hoving, G.E. Nagelhout, H. de Vries, B. van den Putte, M.J. Candel, R. Borland, and M.C. Willemsen. 2015. Prevalence and Reasons for Use of Electronic Cigarettes Among Smokers: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Netherlands Survey. International Journal of Drug Policy 26 (6): 601–608.
Jarvie, J.A., and R.E. Malone. 2008. Children’s Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Private Homes and Cars: An Ethical Analysis. American Journal of Public Health 98 (12): 2140–2145.
Jensen, K.K. 2002. The Moral Foundation of the Precautionary Principle. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 15: 39–55.
Keane, H. 2013. Making Smokers Different with Nicotine: NRT and Quitting. International Journal of Drug Policy 24 (3): 189–195.
Kleinman, A. 1999. Moral Experience and Ethical Reflection: Can Ethnography Reconcile Them? A Quandary for ‘the New Bioethics’. Daedalus 128 (4): 69–97.
Lessig, L. 1995. The Regulation of Social Meaning. University of Chicago, Law Review 62 (3): 943–1045.
Levine, H.G. 1985. The Discovery of Addiction: Changing Conceptions of Habitual Drunkenness in America. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 2 (1): 43–57.
Lieber, S., and J. Millum. 2013. Preventing Sin: The Ethics of Vaccines against Smoking. Hastings Center Report 43: 23–33. https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.159.
Marcotte, A. 2014. The Moral Panic Over E-Cigarettes Intensifies. Slate Blog, 5 March. Available at: http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2014/03/05/e_cigarettes_are_all_the_rage_with_kids_these_days_what_else_to_do_but_panic.html. Accessed 10 Apr 2015.
Markou, A. 2008. Neurobiology of Nicotine Dependence. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B Biological sciences 363: 3159–3168. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0095.
McCarthy, J. 2003. Principlism or Narrative Ethics: Must We Choose Between Them? Medical Humanities 29 (2): 65–71.
McNeill, A., L.S. Brose, R. Calder, S.C. Hitchman, P. Hajek, and H. McRobbie. 2015. E-Cigarettes: An Evidence Update. Public Health England. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/e-cigarettes-an-evidence-update. Accessed 2 Mar 2016.
Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). 2010. The Use of Nicotine Replacement Therapy to Reduce Harm in Smokers. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/drug-safety-update/nicotine-replacement-therapy-and-harm-reduction. Accessed 20 Apr 2016.
Mill, J.S. 1859. On Liberty. Available at: https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/m/mill/john_stuart/m645o/contents.html. Accessed 20 Apr 2015.
National Centre for Smoking Cessation and Training (NCSCT). 2016. Electronic Cigarettes: A Briefing for Stop Smoking Services. Available at: http://www.ncsct.co.uk/usr/pub/Electronic_cigarettes._A_briefing_for_stop_smoking_services.pdf. Accessed 15 Apr 2016.
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). 2012. Public Health Guidance on Tobacco Harm Reduction, Safety, Risk and Pharmacokinetics Profiles of Tobacco Harm Reduction Technologies Report. Available at: http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/14178/64034/64034.pdf. Accessed 1 July 2013.
———. 2013a. Tobacco Harm-Reduction Approaches to Smoking: Guidance. Available at: http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/14178/63996/63996.pdf. Accessed 17 July 2013.
———. 2013b. Nicotine Products Can Help People to Cut Down Before Quitting Smoking. Available at: http://www.nice.org.uk/newsroom/news/NicotineProductsCanHelpPeopleToCutDownBeforeQuittingSmoking.jsp. Accessed 10 July 2013.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. 2008 Drugs, Brains, and Behavior: The Science of Addiction, revised edn. Washington, DC: National Institute on Drug Abuse.
National Institutes of Health U.S. 2007. The Science of Addiction. Department of Health and Human Services. Available at: https://www.drugabuse.gov/sites/default/files/sciofaddiction.pdf. Accessed 30 Apr 2015.
Newcombe, R. 1992. The Reduction of Drug Related Harm: A Conceptual Framework for Theory, Practice and Research. In The Reduction of Drug Related Harm, ed. P.A. O’Hare et al., 1–15. London: Routledge.
———. 2015. The Reduction of Drug-Related Harm: A Conceptual Framework for Theory, Practice and Research. International Use Substance Library (Drug text), Article 2, Addiction. Available at: http://www.drugtext.org/Various-general/the-reduction-of-drug-related-harm-a-conceptual-framework-for-theory-practice-and-research.html. Accessed 30 Apr 2015.
Orleans, T., and J. Slade. 1993. Nicotine Addiction: Principles and Management. Oxford: University Press.
Page, K. 2012. The Four Principles: Can They Be Measured and Do They Predict Ethical Decision Making? BMC Medical Ethics 13 (1): 1.
Parascandola, M. 2005. Lessons from the History of Tobacco Harm Reduction: The National Cancer Institute’s Smoking and Health Program and the “Less Hazardous Cigarette”. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 7 (5): 779–789.
Pepper, J., S. Emery, K. Ribisl, C. Rini, and N. Brewer. 2015. How Risky Is It to Use E-Cigarettes? Smokers’ Beliefs About Their Health Risks from Using Novel and Traditional Tobacco Products. Journal of Behaviral Medicine 38 (2): 318–326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-014-9605-2.
Pope, T.M. 2000. Balancing Public Health Against Individual Liberty: The Ethics of Smoking Regulations. University of Pittsburgh Law Review 61 (2): 419–498.
Public Health England (PHE). 2014. Electronic Cigarettes: Reports Commissioned by PHE, May 2014. Available at https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/311887/Ecigarettes_report.pdf. Accessed 20 Sept 2015.
———. (2015) E-Cigarettes: An Evidence Update: A Report Commissioned by Public Health England. Available at https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/457102/Ecigarettes_an_evidence_update_A_report_commissioned_by_Public_Health_England_FINAL.pdf. Accessed 2 Oct 2015.
Read, J., N. Haslam, L. Sayce, and E. Davies. 2006. Prejudice and Schizophrenia: A Review of the ‘Mental Illness Is an Illness Like Any Other Approach. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 114: 303–318.
Richardson, A., J. Pearson, H. Xiao, C. Stalgaitis, and D. Vallone. 2014. Prevalence, Harm Perceptions, and Reasons for Using Noncombustible Tobacco Products Among Current and Former Smokers. American Journal of Public Health 104 (8): 1437–1444.
Roe, G. 2005. Harm Reduction as Paradigm: Is Better Than Bad Good Enough? The Origins of Harm Reduction. Critical Public Health 15 (3): 243–250.
Royal College of Physicians (RCP). 2007. Harm Reduction in Nicotine Addiction: Helping People Who Can’t Quit. A Report by the Tobacco Advisory Group of the Royal College of Physicians. London, United Kingdom. Available at: http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/sites/default/files/documents/harm-reduction-nicotine-addiction.pdf. Accessed 5 Dec 2013.
———. 2016 Nicotine Without Smoke: Tobacco Harm Reduction. A Report by the Tobacco Advisory Group of the Royal College of Physicians. Available at: https://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/projects/outputs/nicotine-without-smoke-tobacco-harm-reduction-0. Accessed 25 May 2016.
Russell, M.A. 1976. Low-Tar Medium-Nicotine Cigarettes: A New Approach to Safer Smoking. British Medical Journal 1 (6023): 1430–1433.
Russell, M. 1991. The Future of Nicotine Replacement. British Journal of Addiction 86 (5): 653–658.
Saletan, W. 2009. Vapor War Our Irrational Hostility Toward Electronic Cigarettes. Slate Blog, 3 June. Available at: http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/human_nature/2009/06/vapor_war.2.html. Accessed 20 Apr 2015.
Samuel, G. 2014. fMRI for Severely Brain Injured Patients: A Media Analysis. Doctoral Dissertation, School of Social Sciences Theses.
Samuel, G., and C. Brosnan. 2011. Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinsonian Patients: A Critique of Adopting the Principlism Framework of Bioethics as a Form of Ethical Analysis for the Decision-Making Process. American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 2 (1): 20–22.
Scragg, R., R.J. Wellman, M. Laugesen, and J.R. DiFranza. 2008. Diminished Autonomy over Tobacco Can Appear with the First Cigarettes. Addictive Behaviors 33 (5): 689–698.
Sherratt, F.C., L. Newson, M.W. Marcus, J.K. Field, and J. Robinson. 2016. Perceptions Towards Electronic Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation Among Stop Smoking Service Users. British Journal of Health Psychology 21 (2): 421–433.
Shickle, D. 2009. The Ethics of Public Health Practice: Balancing Private and Public Interest Within Tobacco Policy. British Medical Bulletin 91 (1): 7–22. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldp022.
The Lancet editorial. 2013. E-Cigarettes: A Moral Quandary. The Lancet 382 (9896): 914.
The President’s Council on Bioethics. 2003. Session 2: Medicalization: Its Nature, Causes, and Consequences, Discussion of a Correspondence Between Paul McHugh, M.D. and Leon R. Kass, M.D. THURSDAY, June 12, 2003. https://bioethicsarchive.georgetown.edu/pcbe/. https://bioethicsarchive.georgetown.edu/pcbe/transcripts/jun03/session2.html. Accessed 23 Mar 2015.
Thomas, B.P., and L.O. Gostin. 2013. Tobacco Endgame Strategies: Challenges in Ethics and Law. Tobacco Control 22: i55–i57. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050839.
Turner, L. 2009. Anthropological and Sociological Critiques of Bioethics. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 6 (1): 83–98.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). 1988. The Health Consequences of Smoking: Nicotine Addiction. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. 88-8406.
Verweij, M. 2009. Tobacco Discouragement: A Non-Paternalistic Approach. In Ethics, Prevention, and Public Health, ed. A. Dawson and V. Verweij, 179–197. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Warner, K.E. 2013. An Endgame for Tobacco? Editorial. Tobacco Control 22: i3–i5. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-050989.
Wayne, H., L. Carter, and K.I. Morley. 2003. Addiction, Neuroscience and Ethics. Addiction 98 (7): 867–870. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00400.x.
West, R., and J. Brown. 2013. Theory of Addiction. Hoboken: Wiley.
West, R., J. Brown, and E. Beard. 2014. Trends in Electronic Cigarette Use in England. Smoking Toolkit. Available at: http://www.smokinginengland.info/latest-statistics/. Accessed 2 Dec 2015.
Williams, C., and S. Wainwright. 2010. Sociological Reflections on Ethics, Embryonic Stem Cells and Translational Research. In Contested Cells: Global Perspectives on the Stem Cell Debate, ed. B.J. Capps and A.V. Campbell. London: Imperial College Press.
Wise, R.A. 2000. Addiction Becomes a Brain Disease. Neuron 26: 27–33.
World Health Organisation (WHO). 2010. Gender, Women, and the Tobacco Epidemic. 7. Addiction to Nicotine. Available at: http://www.who.int/tobacco/publications/gender/en_tfi_gender_women_addiction_nicotine.pdf. Accessed 23 Mar 2015.
———. 2014. Facts & Figures. Management of Substance Abuse. Tobacco. Available at: http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/facts/tobacco/en/. Accessed 29 Sept 2014.
World Health Organisation Framework convention on Tobacco control (FCTC) (2014) Electronic Cigarettes (E-Cigarettes) or Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems. FCTC/COP/6/10. Available at: http://apps.who.int/gb/fctc/PDF/cop6/FCTC_COP6_14-en.pdf. Accessed 22 Oct 2015.
Zhang, X., D.W. Cowling, and H. Tang. 2010. The Impact of Social Norm Change Strategies on Smokers’ Quitting Behaviours. Tobacco Control 19 (Suppl 1): i51–i55.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tamimi, N. (2018). The Ethical Framework for the Use of E-Cigarettes. In: Riesch, H., Emmerich, N., Wainwright, S. (eds) Philosophies and Sociologies of Bioethics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92738-1_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92738-1_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-92737-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-92738-1
eBook Packages: Religion and PhilosophyPhilosophy and Religion (R0)