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Epigenetic and Pluripotency Aspects of Disseminated Cancer Cells During Minimal Residual Disease

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Biological Mechanisms of Minimal Residual Disease and Systemic Cancer

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1100))

Abstract

Our understanding of the minimal residual disease (MRD) in solid cancers indicates that it can persist in the system for years or even decades. We now know that the persistence of MRD might depend on the dormancy of the disseminated cancer cells (DCCs). Once DCCs exit dormancy, they become metastatic and the survival rates of the patients inevitably decrease. Thus, innovative treatments are required to extend the asymptomatic phase of MRD after the initial therapeutic intervention. With the latest advances in cancer research, there is a greater need to explore and understand the biology, timing of dissemination, and origin of DCCs during tumor progression. These important aspects of DCCs impact the selection, design, administration, and timing of effective therapies. Herein, we summarize the current understanding of MRD biology in solid tumors, with a focus on epigenetics and pluripotency, presenting an overall view of the direction the field is taking to reach the goal of reducing cancer-related mortalities that result from metastasis.

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Abbreviations

ADT:

androgen depletion therapy

AR:

androgen receptor

ATG:

autophagy-related gene

atRA:

all trans retinoic acid

BET:

bromodomain and extraterminal domain

BM:

bone marrow

BMP:

bone morphogenetic proteins

BP:

bisphosphonate

CAF:

cancer associated fibroblasts

CCC:

circulating cancer cells

CNV:

copy number variations

CSC:

cancer stem cells

CUP:

cancer of unknown primary origin

DCC:

disseminated cancer cells

DNMT1:

DNA methyltransferase 1

E2:

estradiol

ECM:

extracellular matrix

EGFR:

epithelial growth factor receptor

EMT:

epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

ER:

estrogen receptor

ESC:

embryonic stem cell

GHB:

4-hydroxybutyrate

HDAC:

histone deacetylases

HER2:

human epidermal growth factor receptor 2

HF:

hair follicle

HNSCC:

head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

HPSCC:

hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

iPSC:

induced pluripotent stem cells

LA:

leukapheresis

LOH:

loss of heterozygosity

MALAT:

metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1

MMPs:

matrix metalloproteinases

MRD:

minimal residual disease

OSKM:

Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and Myc transcription factors

PGR:

progesterone receptor

RARβ:

retinoic acid receptor β

SAM:

S-adenosylmethionine

SOX9:

SRY [sex determining region Y]- box 9

SPARC:

secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine

SSADH:

succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase

TET:

Ten-eleven Translocations

TF:

transcription factors

TGF-β:

transforming growth factor-β

TSS:

transcription start sites

αKG:

α-ketoglutarate

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Acknowledgments

M.S.S. was supported by the Schneider-Lesser Foundation Fellow Award, the Melanoma Research Alliance (MRA), the NCI Transition Career Development Award (K22) (22CA 201054), and the Susan G. Komen Career Catalyst Research Grants (basic/translational and clinical research) CCR17483357.

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  1. Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

    Maria Jose Carlini, Nitisha Shrivastava & Maria Soledad Sosa

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  1. Maria Jose Carlini
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  2. Nitisha Shrivastava
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  3. Maria Soledad Sosa
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Correspondence to Maria Soledad Sosa .

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  1. Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

    Julio A. Aguirre-Ghiso

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Carlini, M.J., Shrivastava, N., Sosa, M.S. (2018). Epigenetic and Pluripotency Aspects of Disseminated Cancer Cells During Minimal Residual Disease. In: Aguirre-Ghiso, J. (eds) Biological Mechanisms of Minimal Residual Disease and Systemic Cancer. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1100. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97746-1_1

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