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Ursachen und Behandlungskonzepte der Demenzen

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Gerontopsychiatrie und Alterspsychotherapie in Deutschland

Zusammenfassung

Mit den Veränderungen der Altersstruktur unserer Bevölkerung sind Demenzen zu einem gravierenden sozialen und gesundheitspolitischen Problem geworden, dessen Bedeutung noch weiter anwachsen wird. Die Prävalenz der Demenzen steigt exponentiell mit dem Alter an und beträgt bei den Über-65jährigen zwischen 6,5 und 8,7 Prozent. Dies entspricht einer Gesamtzahl von 830.000 bis 1,1 Millionen manifest an einer Demenz Erkrankten in der Bundesrepublik. Die Rate der jährlichen Neuerkrankungen liegt in der Altenbevölkerung zwischen 1,4 und 2 Prozent (Gao et al., 1998; Jorm und Jolley, 1998; Launer et al., 1999). Damit manifestieren sich in Deutschland im Verlauf von 12 Monaten bei 170.000 bis 240.000 Menschen dementielle Erkrankungen. Demenzen sind einer der wichtigsten Gründe für die Entstehung von Pflegebedürftigkeit und die Hauptursache für eine Inanspruchnahme von Pflegeheimen (Bickel,1996). Jährlich werden etwa bis zu 25 Prozent der zuvor in Privathaushalten lebenden Demenzkranken in Pflegeheime eingewiesen, in denen sie im Mittel zwischen 2,6 bis 3,1 Jahre verbringen. Anders als vor einigen Jahren übersiedeln jetzt zwei Drittel bis drei Viertel der Patienten im Verlauf der Erkrankung in ein Pflegeheim (Bickel, 1995b).

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  1. Hans Förstl
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Förstl, H., Lauter, H., Bickel, H. (2001). Ursachen und Behandlungskonzepte der Demenzen. In: Gerontopsychiatrie und Alterspsychotherapie in Deutschland. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-99712-8_4

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