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Thailand

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Die politischen Systeme Südostasiens

Zusammenfassung

Dieses Kapitel analysiert das politische System des Königreichs Thailand. Nachdem das Land in den 1990er Jahren einen Demokratisierungsprozess durchlaufen hatte und mit der Verfassungsreform von 1997 auf dem Weg zum konsolidierten demokratischen Verfassungsstaat schien, ist das Königreich seit zehn Jahren beträchtlichen politischen Erschütterungen ausgesetzt. Den vorläufigen Höhepunkt dieser Krisenentwicklung bildet der Staatsstreich des Militärs im Mai 2014. Das Kapitel analysiert die politisch-institutionellen Kontinuitätslinien und Brüche, sowie die Strukturmerkmale des politischen Prozesses seit Anfang der 1990er Jahre, die Rolle politischer Akteure (Militär, Monarchie, Massenbewegungen und politische Parteien) und mögliche Erklärungen für das Scheitern der „demokratischen Regierungsform mit dem König als Staatsoberhaupt“. Die Analyse legt nahe, dass es sich bei der aktuellen Krise um eine Legitimationskrise des gesamten politischen und gesellschaftlichen Ordnungsmodells, infolge einer grundlegenden Verschiebung des gesellschaftlichen Koordinatensystems, handelt. Für die demokratische Transformation sind daher auch nach dem möglichen Rückzug der Militärs von der Regierung erhebliche Schwierigkeiten zu erwarten.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Eine offizielle Übersetzung der geltenden Verfassung liegt bislang nicht vor.

  2. 2.

    Im Einzelnen waren das: 1) Die Einbindung ehemaliger Offiziere in Kabinett und Regierungsapparat; 2) der Aufbau von Verbindungen zwischen Regierungspartei und aktiven Offizieren; 3) die Durchsetzung des eigenen politischen Gestaltungsanspruch auch in Bereichen der Außenpolitik, die als Domäne des Militärs galten (z. B. die Beziehungen zu Burma); 4) die Erfüllung der Wünsche des Militärs nach neuem Militärgerät und besserer finanzieller Ausstattung bei persönlicher Kontrolle des Premierministers über die Mittelverteilung; 5) die Berufung von Verwandten und Klassenkameraden des Premierministers aus der Abschlussklasse 10 der Militärkadettenschule auf Schlüsselpositionen in den Streitkräften und die Marginalisierung anderer Gruppen, die von früheren Regierungen gefördert worden waren; 6) die Einflussnahme auf Radio- und Fernsehsender des Militärs sowie 7) die Verteilung von Erlösen aus der Privatisierung von Militärfirmen unter loyalen Offizieren.

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    Aurel Croissant

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Croissant, A. (2016). Thailand. In: Die politischen Systeme Südostasiens. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-18822-5_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-18822-5_12

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