Skip to main content

DCIS: Pathology and Molecular Markers

  • Chapter
Breast Cancer and Molecular Medicine

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Aas T, Borresen A-L, Geisler S, Smith-Sorensen B, Johnsen H, Varhaug JE, Akslen LA, Lonning PE (1996) Specific p53 mutations are associated with de novo resistance to doxorubicin in breast cancer patients. Nat Med 2: 811–814

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Adnane J, Gaudray P, Simon MP, Simony Lafontaine J, Jeanteur P, Theillet C (1989) Protooncogene amplification and human breast tumor phenotype. Oncogene 4: 1389–1395

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Akiyama T, Matsuda S, Namba Y, Saito T, Toyoshima K, Yamamoto T (1991) The transforming potential of the c-erbB-2 protein is regulated by its autophosphorylation at the carboxyl-terminal domain. Mol Cell Biol 11: 833–842

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Aldaz CM, Chen T, Sahin A, Cunningham J, Bondy M (1995) Comparative allelotype of in situ and invasive human breast cancer: high frequency of microsatellite instability in lobular breast carcinomas. Cancer Res 55: 3976–3981

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Alle KM, Henshall SM, Field AS, Sutherland RL (1998) Cyclin D1 protein is overexpressed in hyperplasia and intraductal carcinoma of the breast. Clin Cancer Res 4: 847–854

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Allred DC, Mohsin SK, Fuqua SA (2001) Histological and biological evolution of human premalignant breast disease. Endocr Relat Cancer 8: 47–61

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Amari M, Suzuki A, Moriya T, Yoshinaga K, Amano G, Sasano H, Ohuchi N, Satomi S, Horii A (1999) LOH analyses of premalignant and malignant lesions of human breast: frequent LOH in 8p, 16q, and 17q in atypical ductal hyperplasia. Oncol Rep 6: 1277–1280

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Anderson JM, Ariga R, Govil H, Bloom KJ, Francescatti D, Reddy VB, Gould VE, Gattuso P (2003) Assessment of Her-2/Neu status by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization in mammary Paget disease and underlying carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 11: 120–124

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Anzick SL, Kononen J, Walker RL, Azorsa DO, Tanner MM, Guan XY, Sauter G, Kallioniemi OP, Trent JM, Meltzer PS (1997) AIB1, a steroid receptor coactivator amplified in breast and ovarian cancer. Science 277: 965–968

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Aubele M, Mattis A, Zitzelsberger H, Walch A, Kremer M, Welzl G, Hofler H, Werner M (2000a) Extensive ductal carcinoma In situ with small foci of invasive ductal carcinoma: evidence of genetic resemblance by CGH. Int J Cancer 85: 82–86

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Aubele M, Werner M, Hofler H (2002) Genetic alterations in presumptive precursor lesions of breast carcinomas. Anal Cell Pathol 24: 69–76

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Aubele MM, Cummings MC, Mattis AE, Zitzelsberger HF, Walch AK, Kremer M, Hofler H, Werner M (2000b) Accumulation of chromosomal imbalances from intraductal proliferative lesions to adjacent in situ and invasive ductal breast cancer. Diagn Mol Pathol 9: 14–19

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Barnes DM, Bartkova J, Camplejohn RS, Gullick WJ, Smith PJ, Millis RR (1992) Overexpression of the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein: why does this occur more frequently in ductal carcinoma in situ than in invasive mammary carcinoma and is this of prognostic significance? Eur J Cancer 28: 644–648

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Bartkova J, Barnes DM, Millis RR, Gullick WJ (1990) Immunohistochemical demonstration of c-erbB-2 protein in mammary ductal carcinoma in situ. Hum Pathol 21: 1164–1167

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Bartkova J, Lukas J, Muller H, Lutzhoft D, Strauss M, Bartek J (1994) cyclin D1 protein expression and function in human breast cancer. Int J Cancer 57: 353–361

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Baunoch D, Moore M, Reyes M, Cotter P, Bloom K, Erlander M, Ma X-J, Sgroi D (2003) Micorarray analysis of formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue: the development of a gene expression staging system for breast carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res Treat 82 (Abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Bautista S, Valles H, Walker RL, Anzick S, Zeillinger R, Meltzer P, Theillet C (1998) In breast cancer, amplification of the steroid receptor coactivator gene AIB1 is correlated with estrogen and progesterone receptor positivity. Clin Cancer Res 4: 2925–2929

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Bellamy COC, McDonald C, Salter DM, Chetty U, Anderson TJ (1993) Noninvasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: the relevance of histologic categorization. Hum Pathol 24: 16–23

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Berns EM, de Witte HH, Klijn JG, Willman K, Look MP, Meijer-van Gelder ME, Benraad TJ, Foekens JA (1997) Prognostic value of TP53 protein accumulation in human primary breast cancer: an analysis by luminometric immunoassay on 1491 tumor cytosols. Anticancer Res 17: 3003–3006

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Berns EM, Klijn JG, Smid M, van Staveren IL, Look MP, van Putten WL, Foekens JA (1996) TP53 and MYC gene alterations independently predict poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 16: 170–179

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Berns EM, Klijn JG, van Putten WL, de Witte HH, Look MP, Meijer-van Gelder ME, Willman K, Portengen H, Benraad TJ, Foekens JA (1998a) p53 protein accumulation predicts poor response to tamoxifen therapy of patients with recurrent breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 16: 121–127

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Berns EM, van Staveren IL, Klijn JG, Foekens JA (1998b) Predictive value of SRC-1 for tamoxifen response of recurrent breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 48: 87–92

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Berns EMJJ, Klijn JGM, van Putten WLJ, van Staveren IL, Portengen H, Foekens JA (1992) c-myc Amplification is a better prognostic factor than HER-2/neu amplification in primary breast cancer. Cancer Res 52: 1107–1113

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Berthe ML, Esslimani Sahla M, Roger P, Gleizes M, Lemamy GJ, Brouillet JP, Rochefort H (2003) Mannose-6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-II receptor expression levels during the progression from normal human mammary tissue to invasive breast carcinomas. Eur J Cancer 39: 635–642

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Berx G, Cleton-Jansen AM, Nollet F, de Leeuw WJ, van de Vijver M, Cornelisse C, van Roy F (1995) E-cadherin is a tumour/invasion suppressor gene mutated in human lobular breast cancers. EMBO J 14: 6107–6115

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Bijker N, Peterse JL, Duchateau L, Julien JP, Fentiman IS, Duval C, Di Palma S, Simony-Lafontaine J, de Mascarel I, Van de Vijver MJ (2001) Risk factors for recurrence and metastasis after breast-conserving therapy for ductal carcinoma-in-situ: analysis of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Trial 10853. J Clin Oncol 19: 2263–2271

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Bodian CA, Perzin KH, Lattes R, Hoffmann P, Abernathy TG (1993) Prognostic signifi-cance of benign proliferative breast disease. Cancer 71: 3896–3907

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Boecker W, Buerger H, Schmitz K, Ellis IA, van Diest PJ, Sinn HP, Geradts J, Diallo R, Poremba C, Herbst H (2001) Ductal epithelial proliferations of the breast: a biological continuum? Comparative genomic hybridization and high-molecular-weight cytokeratin expression patterns. J Pathol 195: 415–421

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Boland GP, Butt IS, Prasad R, Knox WF, Bundred NJ (2004) COX-2 expression is associated with an aggressive phenotype in ductal carcinoma in situ. Br J Cancer 90: 423–429

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Borresen A-L, Andersen TI, Eyfjord JE, Cornelis RS, Thorlacius S, Borg A, Johansson U, Theillet C, Scherneck S, Hartman S, Cornelisse CJ, Hovig E, Devilee P (1995) TP53 mutations and breast cancer prognosis: particularly poor survival rates for cases with mutations in the zinc-binding domains. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 14: 71–75

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Buerger H, Otterbach F, Simon R, Poremba C, Diallo R, Decker T, Riethdorf L, Brinkschmidt C, Dockhorn-Dworniczak B, Boecker W (1999) Comparative genomic hybridization of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast-evidence of multiple genetic pathways. J Pathol 187: 396–402

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Buerger H, Simon R, Schäfer K-L, Diallo R, Littmann R, Poremba C, Van Diest PJ, Dockhorn-Dworniczak B, Böcker W (2000) Genetic relation of lobular carcinoma in situ, ductal carcinoma in situ, and associated invasive carcinoma of the breast. J Clin Pathol Mol Pathol 53: 118–121

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Chen Z, Ge Y, Landman N, Kang JX (2002) Decreased expression of the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-II receptor promotes growth of human breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2: 18

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Coene ED, Schelfhout V, Winkler RA, Schelfhout AM, Van Roy N, Grooteclaes M, Speleman F, De Potter CR (1997) Amplification units and translocation at chromosome 17q and c-erbB-2 overexpression in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Virchows Arch 430: 365–372

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Coles C, Thompson AM, Elder PA, Cohen BB, Mackenzie IM, Cranston G, Chetty U, Mackay J, MacDonald M, Nakamura Y, Hoyheim B, Steel CM (1990) Evidence implicating at least two genes on chromosome 17p in breast carcinogenesis. Lancet 2: 761–763

    Google Scholar 

  36. Cornelis RS, van Vliet M, Vos CBJ, Cleton-Jansen A-M, Van de Vijver MJ, Peterse JL, Meera Khan P, Borresen A-L, Cornelisse CJ, Devilee P (1994) Evidence for a gene on 17p13.3, distal to TP53, as a target for allele loss in breast tumours without p53 mutations. Cancer Res 54: 1–7

    Google Scholar 

  37. De Potter CR (1994) The neu-oncogene: more than a prognostic indicator? Hum Pathol 25: 1264–1268

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. DiGiovanna MP (1999a) Clinical significance of HER-2/neu overexpression: Part I. In Principles and Practices of Oncology, DeVita VT Jr, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA (eds) Lippincott Williams and Wilkins: Cedar Knolls

    Google Scholar 

  39. DiGiovanna MP (1999b) Clinical significance of HER-2/neu overexpression: Part II. In Principles and Practices of Oncology, DeVita VT Jr, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA (eds) Lippincott Williams and Wilkins: Cedar Knolls

    Google Scholar 

  40. DiGiovanna MP, Chu P, Davison TL, Howe CL, Carter D, Claus EB, Stern DF (2002) Active signaling by HER-2/neu in a subpopulation of HER-2/neu-overexpressing ductal carcinoma in situ: clinicopathological correlates. Cancer Res 62: 6667–6673

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Done SJ, Eskandarian S, Bull S, Redston M, Andrulis IL (2001) p53 missense mutations in microdissected high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. J Natl Cancer Inst 93: 700–704

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Donovan-Peluso M, Contento AM, Tobon H, Ripepi B, Locker J (1991) Oncogene amplifi-cation in breast cancer. J Pathol 138: 835–845

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Droufakou S, Deshmane V, Roylance R, Hanby A, Tomlinson I, Hart IR (2001) Multiple ways of silencing E-cadherin gene expression in lobular carcinoma of the breast. Int J Cancer 92: 404–408

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Egger G, Liang G, Aparicio A, Jones PA (2004) Epigenetics in human disease and prospects for epigenetic therapy. Nature 429: 457–463

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Elledge RM, Green S, Howes L, Clark GM, Berardo M, Allred DC, Pugh R, Ciocca D, Ravdin P, O’Sullivan J, Rivkin S, Martino S, Osborne CK (1997) bcl-2, p53, and response to tamoxifen in estrogen receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 15: 1916–1922

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Ellis IO, Pinder SE, Lee AH, Elston CW (1999) A critical appraisal of existing classification systems of epithelial hyperplasia and in situ neoplasia of the breast with proposals for future methods of categorization: where are we going? Semin Diagn Pathol 16: 202–208

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Eusebi V, Feudale E, Foschini MP, Micheli A, Conti A, Riva C, Di Palma S, Rilke F (1994) Long-term follow-up of in situ carcinoma of the breast. Semin Diagn Pathol 11: 223–235

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Fantl V, Richards MA, Smith R, Lammie GA, Johnstone G, Allen D, Gregory W, Peters G, Dickson C, Barnes DM (1990) Gene amplification on chromosome band 11q13 and oestrogen receptor status in breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 26: 423–429

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Farabegoli F, Champeme MH, Bieche I, Santini D, Ceccarelli C, Derenzini M, Lidereau R (2002) Genetic pathways in the evolution of breast ductal carcinoma in situ. J Pathol 196: 280–286

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Fejzo MS, Godfrey T, Chen C, Waldman F, Gray JW (1998) Molecular cytogenetic analysis of consistent abnormalities at 8q12–q22 in breast cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 22: 105–113

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Fisher B, Land S, Mamounas E, Dignam J, Fisher ER, Wolmark N (2001) Prevention of invasive breast cancer in women with ductal carcinoma in situ: an update of the national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project experience. Semin Oncol 28: 400–418

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Fujii H, Szumel R, Marsh C, Zhou W, Gabrielson E (1996) Genetic progression, histological grade, and allelic loss in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Cancer Res 56: 5260–5265

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Gong G, DeVries S, Chew KL, Cha I, Ljung BM, Waldman FM (2001) Genetic changes in paired atypical and usual ductal hyperplasia of the breast by comparative genomic hybridization. Clin Cancer Res 7: 2410–2414

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Gusterson BA, Machin LG, Gullick WJ, Gibbs NM, Powles TJ, Price P, McKinna A, Harrison S (1988) Immunohistochemical distribution of c-erbB-2 in infiltrating and in situ breast cancer. Int J Cancer 42: 842–845

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Half E, Tang XM, Gwyn K, Sahin A, Wathen K, Sinicrope FA (2002) Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human breast cancers and adjacent ductal carcinoma in situ. Cancer Res 62: 1676–1681

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Hankins GR, De Souza AT, Bentley RC, Patel MR, Marks JR, Iglehart JD, Jirtle RL (1996) M6P/IGF2 receptor: a candidate breast tumor suppressor gene. Oncogene 12: 2003–2009

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Heimann R, Karrison T, Hellman S (1999) Treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ. N Engl J Med 341: 999–1000

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Holland R, Hendriks JHCL, Verbeek ALM, Mravunac M, Schuurmans Stekhoven JH (1990) Extent, distribution and mammographic/histological correlations of breast ductal carcinoma in situ. Lancet 335: 519–522

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Holland R, Peterse JL, Millis RR, Eusebi V, Faverly D, Van de Vijver MJ, Zafrani B (1994) Ductal carcinoma in situ: a proposal for a new classification. Semin Diagn Pathol 11: 167–180

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Houghton J, George WD, Cuzick J, Duggan C, Fentiman IS, Spittle M (2003) Radiotherapy and tamoxifen in women with completely excised ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast in the UK, Australia, and New Zealand: randomised controlled trial. Lancet 362: 95–102

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Isola J, de Vries S, Chu L, Ghazvini S, Waldman F (1994) Technical advance analysis of changes in DNA sequence copy number by comparative genomic hybridization in archival paraffin-embedded tumor samples. Am J Pathol 145: 1301–1309

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Iyer VR, Eisen MB, Ross DT, Schuler G, Moore T, Lee JCF, Trent JM, Staudt LM, Hudson J Jr, Boguski MS, Lashkari D, Shalon D, Botstein D, Brown PO (1999) The transcriptional program in the response of human fibroblasts to serum [see comments]. Science 283: 83–87

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Jacobs TW, Pliss N, Kouria G, Schnitt SJ (2001) Carcinomas in situ of the breast with indeterminate features: role of E-cadherin staining in categorization. Am J Surg Pathol 25: 229–236

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. James LA, Mitchell EL, Menasce L, Varley JM (1997) Comparative genomic hybridisation of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: identification of regions of DNA amplification and deletion in common with invasive breast carcinoma. Oncogene 14: 1059–1065

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Jones C, Merrett S, Thomas VA, Barker TH, Lakhani SR (2003) Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of bilateral hyperplasia of usual type of the breast. J Pathol 199: 152–156

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Bijker N, Meijnen P, Peterse JL, Bogaerts J, Van Hoorebeeck I, Julien JP, Gennaro M, Rouanet P, Avril A, Fentiman IS, Bartelink H, Rutgers EJ. Breast-conserving treatment with or without radiotherapy in ductal carcinom in situ: ten-year results of European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer randomized phase III trial 10853 — a study by the EORTC Breast Cancer Cooperative Group and EORTC Radiotherapy Group

    Google Scholar 

  67. Kastan M (1997) On the TRAIL from p53 to apoptosis? Nat Genet 17: 130–131

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Kessar P, Perry N, Vinnicombe SJ, Hussain HK, Carpenter R, Wells CA (2002) How significant is detection of ductal carcinoma in situ in a breast screening programme? Clin Radiol 57: 807–814

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. King CR, Swain SM, Porter L, Steinberg SM, Lippman ME, Gelmann EP (1989) Heterogeneous expression of erbB-2 messenger RNA in human breast cancer. Cancer Res 49: 4185–4191

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Knudson AG Jr (1971) Mutation and cancer: statistical study of retinoblastoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 68: 820–823

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Kobayashi M, Ooi A, Oda Y, Nakanishi I (2002) Protein overexpression and gene ampli-fication of c-erbB-2 in breast carcinomas: a comparative study of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Hum Pathol 33: 21–28

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Koreth J, Bethwaite PB, McGee JO (1995) Mutation at chromosome 11q23 in human nonfamilial breast cancer: a microdissection microsatellite analysis. J Pathol 176: 11–18

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Krishnamurthy S, Sneige N (2002) Molecular and biologic markers of premalignant lesions of human breast. Adv Anat Pathol 9: 185–197

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Kuukasjarvi T, Tanner M, Pennanen S, Karhu R, Kallioniemi OP, Isola J (1997) Genetic changes in intraductal breast cancer detected by comparative genomic hybridization. Am J Pathol 150: 1465–1471

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Lagios MD, Margolin FR, Westdahl PR, Rose MR (1989) Mammographically detected duct carcinoma in situ. Frequency of local recurrence following tylectomy and prognostic effect of nuclear grade on local recurrence. Cancer 63: 618–624

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Lakhani SR (1999) The transition from hyperplasia to invasive carcinoma of the breast. J Pathol 187: 272–278

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Lakhani SR, Chaggar R, Davies S, Jones C, Collins N, Odel C, Stratton MR, O’Hare MJ (1999) Genetic alterations in ‘normal’ luminal and myoepithelial cells of the breast. J Pathol 189: 496–503

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Lakhani SR, Collins N, Sloane JP, Stratton MR (1995a) Loss of heterozygosity in lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast. J Clin Pathol Mol Pathol 48: m74–m79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Lakhani SR, Collins N, Stratton MR, Sloane JP (1995b) Atypical ductal hyperplasia of the breast: clonal proliferation with loss of heterozygosity on chromosomes 16q en 17p. J Clin Pathol 48: 611–615

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Lakhani SR, Slack DN, Hamoudi RA, Collins N, Stratton MR, Sloane JP (1996) Detection of allelic imbalance indicates that a proportion of mammary hyperplasia of usual type are clonal, neoplastic proliferations. Lab Invest 74: 129–135

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Lammie GA, Fantl V, Smith R, Schuuring E, Brookes S, Michalides R, Dickson C, Arnold A, Peters G (1991) D11S287, a putative oncogene on chromosome 11q13, is amplified and expressed in squamous cell and mammary carcinomas and linked to BCL-1. Oncogene 6: 439–444

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Leonard GD, Swain SM (2004) Ductal carcinoma in situ, complexities and challenges. J Natl Cancer Inst 96: 906–920

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Lidereau R, Callahan R, Dickson C, Peters G, Escot C, Ali IU (1988) Amplification of the int-2 gene in primary human breast tumors. Oncogene Res 2: 285–291

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Liu CH, Chang SH, Narko K, Trifan OC, Wu MT, Smith E, Haudenschild C, Lane TF, Hla T (2001) Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 is sufficient to induce tumorigenesis in transgenic mice. J Biol Chem 276: 18563–18569

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Liu E, Thor A, He M, Barcos M, Ljung B-M, Benz C (1992) The HER2 (c-erbB-2) oncogene is frequently amplified in in situ carcinomas of the breast. Oncogene 7: 1027–1032

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Lowe SW, Bodis S, McClatchey A, Remington L, Ruley HE, Fisher DE, Housman DE, Jacks T (1994) p53 status and the efficacy of cancer therapy in vivo. Science 266: 807–810

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Ma XJ, Salunga R, Tuggle JT, Gaudet J, Enright E, McQuary P, Payette T, Pistone M, Stecker K, Zhang BM, Zhou YX, Varnholt H, Smith B, Gadd M, Chatfield E, Kessler J, Baer TM, Erlander MG, Sgroi DC (2003) Gene expression profiles of human breast cancer progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100: 5974–5979

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Maitra A, Wistuba II, Washington C, Virmani AK, Ashfaq R, Milchgrub S, Gazdar AF, Minna JD (2001) High-resolution chromosome 3p allelotyping of breast carcinomas and precursor lesions demonstrates frequent loss of heterozygosity and a discontinuous pattern of allele loss. Am J Pathol 159: 119–130

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Man SM, Ellis IO, Sibbering M, Blamey RW, Brook JD (1996) High levels of allele loss at the FHIT and ATM genes in non-comedo ductal carcinoma in situ and grade I tubular invasive breast cancers. Cancer Res 56: 5484–5489

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Millis RR, Ryder K, Fentiman IS (2004) Ductal in situ component and prognosis in invasive mammary carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res Treat 84: 197–198

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Moinfar F, Man YG, Arnould L, Bratthauer GL, Ratschek M, Tavassoli FA (2000a) Concurrent and independent genetic alterations in the stromal and epithelial cells of mammary carcinoma: implications for tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 60: 2562–2566

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Moinfar F, Man YG, Bratthauer GL, Ratschek M, Tavassoli FA (2000b) Genetic abnormalities in mammary ductal intraepithelial neoplasia-flat type (“clinging ductal carcinoma in situ”): a simulator of normal mammary epithelium. Cancer 88: 2072–2081

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Munn KE, Walker RA, Varley JM (1995) Frequent alterations of chromosome 1 in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Oncogene 10: 1653–1657

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Murphy DS, Hoare SF, Going JJ, Mallon EEA, George WD, Kaye SB, Brown R, Black DM, Keith WN (1995) Characterization of extensive genetic alteration in ductal carcinoma in situ by fluorescence in situ hybridization and molecular analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 87: 1694–1704

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. O’Connell P, Pekkel V, Fuqua S, Osborne CK, Allred DC (1994) Molecular genetic studies of early breast cancer evolution. Breast Cancer Res Treat 32: 5–12

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. O’Connell P, Pekkel V, Fuqua SA, Osborne CK, Clark GM, Allred DC (1998) Analysis of loss of heterozygosity in 399 premalignant breast lesions at 15 genetic loci. J Natl Cancer Inst 90: 697–703

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Ottesen GL, Graversen HP, Blichert-Toft M, Zedeler K, Andersen JA (1992) Ductal carcinoma in situ of the female breast. Short-term results of a prospective nationwide study. The Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group. Am J Surg Pathol 16: 1183–1196

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Ozturk M, Bolkent S, Yilmazer S, Kaner G, Unal H (1998) Detection of c-erbB-2 mRNAs using dig-labelled oligonucleotide probe with in situ hybridisation in human breast carcinoma: comparison with immunohistochemical results. Anal Cell Pathol 16: 201–209

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Peralta Soler A, Knudsen KA, Salazar H, Han AC, Keshgegian AA (1999) P-cadherin expression in breast carcinoma indicates poor survival. c 86: 1263–1272

    Google Scholar 

  100. Pinkel D, Segraves R, Sudar D, Clark S, Poole I, Kowbel D, Collins C, Kuo WL, Chen C, Zhai Y, Dairkee SH, Ljung BM, Gray JW, Albertson DG (1998) High resolution analysis of DNA copy number variation using comparative genomic hybridization to microarrays. Nat Genet 20: 207–211

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Poller DN, Silverstein MJ, Galea M, Locker AP, Elston CW, Blamey RW, Ellis IO (1994) Ideas in pathology. Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: a proposal for a new simplified histological classification association between cellular proliferation and c-erbB-2 protein expression. Mod Pathol 7: 257–262

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Prosser J, Thompson AM, Cranston G, Evans HJ (1990) Evidence that p53 behaves as a tumor suppressor gene in sporadic breast tumours. Oncogene 5: 1573–1579

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Radford DM, Fair KL, Phillips NJ, Ritter JH, Steinbrueck T, Holt MS, Donis-Keller H (1995) Allelotyping of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: deletion of loci on 8p, 13q, 16q, 17p and 17q. Cancer Res 55: 3399–3405

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Ramachandra S, Machin L, Ashley S, Monaghan P, Gusterson BA (1990) Immunohistochemical distribution of c-erbB-2 in in situ breast carcinoma—a detailed morphological analysis. J Pathol 161: 7–14

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Ravdin PM, Chamness GC (1995) The c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene as a prognostic and predictive marker in breast cancer: a paradigm for the development of other macromolecular markers — a review. Gene 159: 19–27

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Regitnig P, Moser R, Thalhammer M, Luschin-Ebengreuth G, Ploner F, Papadi H, Tsybrovskyy O, Lax SF (2002) Microsatellite analysis of breast carcinoma and corresponding local recurrences. J Pathol 198: 190–197

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Ristimaki A, Sivula A, Lundin J, Lundin M, Salminen T, Haglund C, Joensuu H, Isola J (2002) Prognostic significance of elevated cyclooxygenase-2 expression in breast cancer. Cancer Res 62: 632–635

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Robanus-Maandag EC, Bosch CA, Kristel PM, Hart AA, Faneyte IF, Nederlof PM, Peterse JL, Van de Vijver MJ (2003) Association of C-MYC amplification with progression from the in situ to the invasive stage in C-MYC-amplified breast carcinomas. J Pathol 201: 75–82

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Rosen PP, Kosloff C, Lieberman PH, Adair F, Braun DW (1978) Lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast. Detailed analysis of 99 patients with average follow-up of 24 years. Am J Surg Path 2:225–251

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Roylance R, Droufakou S, Gorman P, Gillett C, Hart IR, Hanby A, Tomlinson I (2003) The role of E-cadherin in low-grade ductal breast tumourigenesis. J Pathol 200: 53–58

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Schelfhout VR, Coene ED, Delaey B, Thys S, Page DL, De Potter CR (2000) Pathogenesis of Paget’s disease: epidermal heregulin-alpha, motility factor, and the HER receptor family. J Natl Cancer Inst 92: 622–628

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Schnitt SJ (2003) The diagnosis and management of pre-invasive breast disease: flat epithelial atypia—classification, pathologic features and clinical significance. Breast Cancer Res 5: 263–268

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Schuuring E (1995) The involvement of the chromosome 11q13 region in human malignancies: cyclin D1 and EMS1 are two new candidate oncogenes — a review. Gene 159: 83–96

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Schuuring E, Verhoeven E, van Tinteren H, Peterse JL, Nunnink B, Thunnissen EBJM, Devilee P, Cornelisse C, Van de Vijver MJ, Mooi WJ, Michalides RJAM (1992) Amplification of genes within the chromosome 11q13 region is indicative of poor prognosis in patients with operable breast cancer. Cancer Res 52: 5229–5234

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Scott MA, Lagios MD, Axelsson K, Rogers LW, Anderson TJ, Page DL (1997) Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: reproducibility of histological subtype analysis. Hum Pathol 28: 967–973

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Shen CY, Yu JC, Lo YL, Kuo CH, Yue CT, Jou YS, Huang CS, Lung JC, Wu CW (2000) Genome-wide search for loss of heterozygosity using laser capture microdissected tissue of breast carcinoma: an implication for mutator phenotype and breast cancer pathogenesis. Cancer Res 60: 3884–3892

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Silverstein MJ, Lagios MD, Groshen S, Waisman JR, Lewinsky BS, Martino S, Gamagami P, Colburn WJ (1999) The influence of margin width on local control of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. N Engl J Med 340: 1455–1461

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Silverstein MJ, Poller DN, Waisman JR, Colburn WJ, Barth A, Gierson ED, Lewinsky B, Gamagami P, Slamon DJ (1995) Prognostic classification of breast ductal carcinoma-in-situ. Lancet 345: 1154–1157

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Simpson JF, Quan DE, O’Malley F, Odom-Maryon T, Clarke PE (1997) Amplification of CCND1 and expression of its protein product, cyclin D1, in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Am J Pathol 151: 161–168

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Slamon DJ, Clark GM, Wong SG, Levin WJ, Ullrich A, McGuire WL (1987) Human breast cancer: correlation of relapse and survival with amplification of the HER-2/neu oncogene. Science 235: 177–182

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Slamon DJ, Godolphin W, Jones LA, Holt JA, Wong SG, Keith DE, Levin WJ, Stuart SG, Udove J, Ullrich A, Press MF (1989) Studies of the HER-2/neu proto-oncogene in human breast and ovarian cancer. Science 244: 707–712

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Sloane JP, Amendoeira I, Apostolikas N, Bellocq JP, Bianchi S, Boecker W, Bussolati G, Coleman D, Connolly CE, Dervan P, Eusebi V, De Miguel C, Drijkoningen M, Elston CW, Faverley D, Gad A, Jacquemier J, Lacerda M, Martinez-Penuela J, Munt C, Peterse JL, Rank F, Sylvan M, Tsakraklides V, Zafrani B (1998) Consistency achieved by 23 European pathologists in categorizing ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast using five classifications. European Commission Working Group on Breast Screening Pathology. Hum Pathol 29: 1056–1062

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Sloane JP, Amendoeira I, Apostolikas N, Bellocq JP, Bianchi S, Boecker W, Bussolati G, Coleman D, Connolly CE, Eusebi V, De Miguel C, Dervan P, Drijkoningen R, Elston CW, Faverly D, Gad A, Jacquemier J, Lacerda M, Martinez-Penuela J, Munt C, Peterse JL, Rank F, Sylvan M, Tsakraklides V, Zafrani B (1999) Consistency achieved by 23 European pathologists from 12 countries in diagnosing breast disease and reporting prognostic features of carcinomas. European Commission Working Group on Breast Screening Pathology. Virchows Arch 434: 3–10

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Sneige N, Wang J, Baker BA, Krishnamurthy S, Middleton LP (2002) Clinical, histopathologic, and biologic features of pleomorphic lobular (ductal-lobular) carcinoma in situ of the breast: a report of 24 cases. Mod Pathol 15: 1044–1050

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Stanta G, Bonin S, Losi L, Eusebi V (1998) Molecular characterization of intraductal breast carcinomas. Virchows Arch 432: 107–111

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Stratton MR, Collins N, Lakhani SR, Sloane JP (1995) Loss of heterozygosity in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. J Pathol 175: 195–201

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Tavassoli FA (1998) Ductal carcinoma in situ: introduction of the concept of ductal intraepithelial neoplasia. Mod Pathol 11: 140–154

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Tavassoli FA, Devilee P (2003) World Health Organization, classification of tumours, pathology and genetics: tumours of the breast and female genital organs. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer Press

    Google Scholar 

  129. Theillet C, Adnane J, Szepetowski P, Simon MP, Jeanteur P, Birnbaum D, Gaudray P (1990) BCL-1 participates in the 11q13 amplification found in breast cancer. Oncogene 5: 147–149

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Thor AD, Berry DA, Budman DR, Muss HB, Kute T, Henderson IC, Barcos M, Cirrincione C, Edgerton S, Allred C, Norton L, Liu ET (1998) erbB-2, p53, and efficacy of adjuvant therapy in lymph node-positive breast cancer [see comments]. J Natl Cancer Inst 90: 1346–1360

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Thor AD, Liu S, Edgerton S, Moore D, Kasowitz KM, Benz CC, Stern DF, DiGiovanna MP (2000) Activation (tyrosine phosphorylation) of ErbB-2 (HER-2/neu): a study of incidence and correlation with outcome in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 18: 3230–3239

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Tsuda H, Akiyama F, Terasaki H, Hasegawa T, Kurosumi M, Shimadzu M, Yamamori S, Sakamoto G (2001) Detection of HER-2/neu (c-erb B-2) DNA amplification in primary breast carcinoma. Interobserver reproducibility and correlation with immunohistochemical HER-2 overexpression. Cancer 92: 2965–2974

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Tsuda H, Hirohashi S, Shimosato Y, Hirota T, Tsugane S, Yamamoto H, Miyajima N, Toyoshima K, Yamamoto T, Yokota J, Sakamoto H, Terada M, Sugimura T (1989) Correlation between long-term survival in breast cancer patients and amplification of two putative oncogene-coamplification units: hst-1/int-2 and c-erbB-2/ear-1. Cancer Res 49: 3104–3108

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. van de Vijver M, van de Bersselaar R, Devilee P, Cornelisse C, Peterse J, Nusse R (1987) Amplification of the neu (c-erbB-2) oncogene in human mammary tumors is relatively frequent and is often accompanied by amplification of the linked c-erbA oncogene. Mol Cell Biol 7: 2019–2023

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  135. Van de Vijver MJ (1993) Molecular Genetics in Breast Cancer. Adv Cancer Res 61: 25–56

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  136. Van de Vijver MJ, He YD, van’t Veer LJ, Dai H, Hart AA, Voskuil DW, Schreiber GJ, Peterse JL, Roberts C, Marton MJ, Parrish M, Atsma D, Witteveen A, Glas A, Delahaye L, van der Velde T, Bartelink H, Rodenhuis S, Rutgers ET, Friend SH, Bernards R (2002) A gene-expression signature as a predictor of survival in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 347: 1999–2009

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Van de Vijver MJ, Peterse JL, Mooi WJ, Wisman P, Lomans J, Dalesio O, Nusse R (1988) Neu-protein overexpression in breast cancer. Association with comedo-type ductal carcinoma in situ and limited prognostic value in stage II breast cancer. N Engl J Med 319: 1239–1245

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. Varley JM, Brammar WJ, Lane DP, Swallow JE, Dolan C, Walker RA (1991) Loss of chromosome 17p13 sequences and mutation of p53 in human breast carcinomas. Oncogene 6: 413–421

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Varley JM, Swallow JE, Brammar WJ, Whittaker JL, Walker RA (1987) Alterations to either c-erbB-2(neu) or c-myc proto-oncogenes in breast carcinomas correlate with poor shortterm prognosis. Oncogene 1: 423–430

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Vos CB, Cleton-Jansen AM, Berx G, de Leeuw WJ, ter Haar NT, van Roy F, Cornelisse CJ, Peterse JL, Van de Vijver MJ (1997) E-cadherin inactivation in lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast: an early event in tumorigenesis. Br J Cancer 76: 1131–1133

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Vos CB, ter Haar NT, Peterse JL, Cornelisse CJ, Van de Vijver MJ (1999a) Cyclin D1 gene amplification and overexpression are present in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. J Pathol 187: 279–284

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Vos CB, ter Haar NT, Rosenberg C, Peterse JL, Cleton-Jansen AM, Cornelisse CJ, Van de Vijver MJ (1999b) Genetic alterations on chromosome 16 and 17 are important features of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast and are associated with histologic type. Br J Cancer 81: 1410–1418

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Waldman FM, DeVries S, Chew KL, Moore DH, Kerlikowske K, Ljung BM (2000) Chromosomal alterations in ductal carcinomas in situ and their in situ recurrences. J Natl Cancer Inst 92: 313–320

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Walker RA, Jones JL, Chappell S, Walsh T, Shaw JA (1997) Molecular pathology of breast cancer and its application to clinical management. Cancer Metastasis Rev 16: 5–27

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Warnberg F, Casalini P, Nordgren H, Bergkvist L, Holmberg L, Menard S (2002) Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: a new phenotype classification system and its relation to prognosis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 73: 215–221

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Washington C, Dalbegue F, Abreo F, Taubenberger JK, Lichy JH (2000) Loss of heterozygosity in fibrocystic change of the breast: genetic relationship between benign proliferative lesions and associated carcinomas. Am J Pathol 157: 323–329

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Watanabe O, Shimizu T, Kinoshita J, Utada Y, Okabe T, Kimura K, Hirano A, Yoshimatsu K, Aiba M, Ogawa K (2003) Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in malignant and benign breast tumours. Anticancer Res 23: 3215–3221

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Watson PH, Safneck JR, Le K, Dubik D, Shiu RP (1993) Relationship of c-myc amplification to progression of breast cancer from in situ to invasive tumor and lymph node metastasis. J Natl Cancer Inst 85: 902–907

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Weinstat-Saslow D, Merino MJ, Manrow RE, Lawrence JA, Bluth RF, Wittenbel KD, Simpson JF, Page DL, Steeg PS (1995) Overexpression of cyclin D mRNA distinguishes invasive and in situ breast carcinomas from non-malignant lesions. Nat Med 1: 1257–1260

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Wong JS, Kaelin CM, Troyan SL, Gadd MA, Gelman R, Lester SC, Schnitt SJ, Sgroi DC, Silver BJ, Harris JR, Smith BL. Prospective study of wide excision alone for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. J Clin Oncol 24: 1031–1036

    Google Scholar 

  151. Zwijsen RM, Wientjens E, Klompmaker R, van der S J, Bernards R, Michalides RJ (1997) CDK-independent activation of estrogen receptor by cyclin D1. Cell 88: 405–415

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Meijnen, P., Peterse, J.L., van de Vijver, M.J. (2006). DCIS: Pathology and Molecular Markers. In: Piccart, M.J., Hung, MC., Solin, L.J., Cardoso, F., Wood, W.C. (eds) Breast Cancer and Molecular Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-28266-2_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-28266-2_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-28265-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-28266-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics