Abstract
The treatment of upper eyelid retraction represents one of the most challenging aspects of ophthalmic plastic surgery. This entity produces an unnatural physical appearance, often referred to as the “stare,” which can give the illusion of exophthalmos (Fig. 3.1). In addition, retraction can lead to lagophthalmos and exposure keratopathy with sequelae that are potentially sight-threatening. Numerous surgical procedures have been described regarding the correction of upper lid retraction, with varying results, further complicating the treatment of this condition. For the purposes of this review the authors will focus on the surgical correction of thyroid-related retraction.
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(2007). Upper Eyelid Retraction: Current Concepts in Management. In: Guthoff, R., Katowitz, J. (eds) Oculoplastics and Orbit. Essentials in Ophthalmology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-33677-8_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-33677-8_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
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