Abstract
We develop an end-to-end protocol for real-time estimation of the size of dynamic multicast groups. Unlike previously proposed methods our approach alleviates feedback implosion in a dynamic setting, and is scalable to large groups. The protocol is based on probabilistic polling combined with adaptive feedback control, and the use of a time-dependent Wiener filter to enhance estimation accuracy. We examine the performance of our protocol through simulations for multicast groups with up to 10,000 members, and different scenarios of group membership dynamics. Our simulation studies show that the method is capable of tracking, in a scalable manner, the size of dynamic multicast groups with high accuracy in the face of large dynamic variations.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Fredrick, R., Jacobson, V.: RTP: a transport protocol for real-time applications. RFC 1889, Network Working Group (January 1996)
Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H.: Timer reconsideration for enhanced RTP scalability. In: Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM 1998, San Francisco, USA, pp. 488–496 (1998)
Floyd, S., Jacobson, V., McCanne, S., Liu, C., Zhang, L.: A reliable multicast framework for light-weight session and application level framing. In: Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM 1995, New York, USA, pp. 342–356 (1995)
Handley, M., Bormann, C., Adamson, B.: NACK-oriented reliable multicast (NORM) Protocl Bulding Blocks. INTERNET-DRAFT (September 2003), www.potaroo.net/ietf/ids/draft-ietf-rmt-bb-norm-05.txt
See, E.G., Henderson, T., Bhatti, S.N.: Protocol independent multicast pricing. In: 10th International Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video (NOSS-DV 2000), The University of North Carolina, USA (June 2000)
Almeroth, K., Ammar, M.: Collecting and modeling of join/leave behavior of multicast group members in MBone. In: Proc. of HPDC 1996, Syracuse, NY, USA, August 1996, pp. 209–216 (1996)
Bolot, J.-C., Turletti, T., Wakeman, I.: Scalable feedback control for multicast video distribution in the Internet. In: Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM 1994, London, UK, September 1994, pp. 58–67 (1994)
Friedman, T., Towsley, D.: Multicast session membership size estimation. In: Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM 1999, New York, NY USA, March 1999, vol. 2, pp. 965–972 (1999)
Nonnenmacher, J.: Reliable multicast to large groups. Ph.D. thesis, EPFL, Laussane, Switzerland (July 1998); Nonnenmacher, J., Biersack, E. W.: Scalable feedback for large groups. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 375–386 (June 1999)
Liu, C., Nonnenmacher, J.: Broadcast audience estimation. In: Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM 2000, Tel Aviv, Israel, vol. 2, pp. 952–960 (March 2000)
Alouf, S., Altman, E., Nain, P.: Optimal on-line estimation of the size of a dynamic multicast group. In: Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM 2002, New York, NY, USA, vol. 2, pp. 952–960 (March 2002)
Lee, P.M.: Bayesian Statistics: An Introduction. Arnold Publishing, London (1997)
Grimmet, G.R., Stirzaker, D.R.: Probability and Random Processes. Clarendon Press, Oxford (1992)
Abramovitz, M., Stegun, I.: Handbook of Mathematical Functions. Dover Publications, New York (1972)
Hiaswatsch, S.F., Matz, G., Kirchauer, H., Kozek, W.: Time-frequency formulation, design, and implementation of time-varying optimal filters for signal estimation. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 48, 1417–1432 (references therein)
Jacobs, R.J., Walker, M.D., Jeffry, R.I.M.: Intranet.tv – automated multimedia content delivery. BT Technology Journal 20, 75–83
We thank the anonymous referee for drawing our attention to this scenario
Yanjik, M., Moon, S., Kurose, J., Towsley, D.: Measurement and modeling of the temporal dependence in packet loss. In: Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 1999, Los Alamitos, California (1999)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Nekovee, M., Soppera, A., Burbridge, T. (2003). An Adaptive Method for Dynamic Audience Size Estimation in Multicast. In: Stiller, B., Carle, G., Karsten, M., Reichl, P. (eds) Group Communications and Charges. Technology and Business Models. NGC ICQT 2003 2003. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 2816. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39405-1_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39405-1_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-20051-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-39405-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive