Abstract
There are many ways in which images can be acquired, including the transmission, reflection, and emission of light, radiation, sound, magnetism, heat and other sources of energy. Some methods are more or less suitable for imaging living tissues and cells. Images, while informative and useful for generating hypotheses, may be quantified to actually test hypotheses. Various methods of image quantification are discussed, including pixel counting and stereology. Multimodal imaging, and multidimensional combinations of images with intensity information in the domains of genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics pave the way to a fuller understanding of biology and medicine.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adams A (1981) The negative. The new Ansel Adams photography series, vol. 2. New York Graphic Society, Little Brown and Company, Boston, MA
Baddeley AJ, Gundersen HJ, Cruz-Orive LM (1986) Estimation of surface area from vertical sections. J Microsc 142:259–276
Bereiter-Hahn Lüers H (1998) Subcellular tension fields and mechanical resistance of the lamella front related to the direction of locomotion. Cell Biochem Biophys 29:1085–1091
Boss DS, Olmos RV, Sinaasappel M, Beijnen JH, Schellens JH (2008) Application of PET/CT in the development of novel anticancer drugs. Oncologist 13:25–38
Cara DC, Kubes P (2003) Intravital microscopy as a tool for studying recruitment and chemotaxis. In: D'Ambrosio D, Sinigaglia F (eds) Cell migration in inflammation and immunity (Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 239). Humana, Clifton, UK
Cavalieri B. Geometria Indivivisibilibus Continuorum. Bononi: Typis Clementis Ferronij, 1635. Reprinted as Geometria degli Indivisibili. Torino: Unione Tipografico-Editrice Torinese, 1966
Cutignola L, Bullough PG (1991) Photographic reproduction of anatomic specimens using ultraviolet illumination. Am J Surg Pathol 15:1096–1099
Forrester KR, Tulip J, Leonard C, Stewart C, Bray RC (2004) A laser speckle imaging technique for measuring tissue perfusion. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 51:2074–2084
Gardi JE, Nyengard JR, Gundersen HJG (2008) Automatic sampling for unbiased and efficient stereological estimation using the proportionator in biological studies. J Microsc 230:108–120
George N (2005) Microscopes expand near-infrared applications. Biophotonics March:1–4
Gokhale AM (1990) Unbiased estimation of curve length in 3D using vertical slices. J Microsc 159:133–141
Gokhale AM (1993) Estimation of length density Lv from vertical sections of unknown thickness. J Microsc 170:3–8
Guillaud M, Matthews JB, Harrison A, MacAulay C, Skov K (1997) A novel image cytometric method for quantitation of immunohistochemical staining of cytoplasmic antigens. Analyt Cell Pathol 14:87–99
Guillaud M, Cox D, Malpica A, Staerkel G, Matisic J, van Nickirk D, Adler-Storthz K, Poulin N, Follen M, MacAulay C (2004) Quantitative histopathological analysis of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia sections: Methodological issues. Cell Oncology 26:31–43
Gundersen HJ et al. (1981) Optimizing sampling efficiency of stereological studies in biology: or “do more less well.” J Microsc 121:65–73
Gundersen HJ et al. (1988) The new stereological tools: disector, fractionator, nucleator and point sampled intercepts and their use in pathological research and diagnosis. APMIS. 96:857–881
Iga AM, Robertson JH, Winslet MC, Seifalian AM (2007) Clinical potential of quantum dots. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2007:76087
Inoué S, Oldenbourg R (1998) Microtubule dynamics in mitotic spindle displayed by polarized light microscopy. Mol Biol Cell 9:1603–1607
Jouaville LS, Pinton P, Bastianutto C, Rutter GA, Rizzuto R (1999) Regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis by calcium: Evidence for a long-term metabolic priming. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:13807–13812
Kamalov R, Guillaud M, Haskins D, Harrison A, Kemp R, Chiu D, Follen M, MacAulay C (2005) A Java application for tissue section image analysis. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 77:99–113
Matyas JR, Benediktsson H, Rattner JB (1995) Transferring and culturing an architecturally intact layer of cells from animal tissue on membrane substrates. Biotechniques 19:540–544
Miao J, Chapman HN, Kirz J, Sayre D, Hodgson KO (2004) Taking X-ray diffraction to the limit: macromolecular structures from femtosecond X-ray pulses and diffraction microscopy of cells with synchrotron radiation. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct 33:157–176
Miretti S, Roato I, Taulli R, Ponzetto C, Cilli M et al. (2008) A mouse model of pulmonary metastasis from spontaneous osteosarcoma monitored in vivo by Luciferase imaging. PLoS ONE 3(3):e1828. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001828
Mattfeldt T, Mall G, Gharehbaghi H, Moller P (1990) Estimation of surface area and length with the orientor. J. Microscopy 159:301–317
Petibois C, Drogat B, Bikfalvi A, Déléris G, Moenner M (2007) Histological mapping of biochemical changes in solid tumors by FT-IR spectral imaging. FEBS Lett 581:5469–74
Sterio DC (1984) The unbiased estimation of number and sizes of arbitrary particles using the disector. J Microsc 134:127–136
Stolz M, Raiteri R, Daniels AU, Van Landingham MR, Baschong W, Aebi U (2004) Dynamic elastic modulus of porcine articular cartilage determined at two different levels of tissue organization by indentation-type atomic force microscopy. Biophys J 86:3269–3283
Tromberg BJ, Shah N, Lanning R, Cerussi A, Espinoza J, Pham T, Svaasand L, Butler J (2000) Non-invasive in vivo characterization of breast tumors using photon migration spectroscopy. Neoplasia 2:26–40
Weibel ER (1979) Stereological methods, vol. 1: practical methods for biological morphology. Academic, London
Williams RM, Zipfel WR, Webb WW (2005) Interpreting second-harmonic generation images of collagen I fibrils. Biophys J 88:1377–1386
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Matyas, J.R. (2009). Imaging and Evaluating Live Tissues at the Microscopic Level. In: Sensen, C.W., Hallgrímsson, B. (eds) Advanced Imaging in Biology and Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68993-5_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68993-5_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-68992-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-68993-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)