Abstract
After World War I, the Near East was divided into zones of influence between Britain and France. Egypt remained under British control. Britain obtained the mandate over Iraq and Palestine on both banks of the Jordan, France over Syria and Lebanon. In Turkey, Greeks, Italians, Armenians and others tried to occupy large parts of Anatolia, until an army officer named Mustafa Kemal Pasha stopped them in battle. In 1923, he established a modern democratic independent republic and was awarded the title Ataturk (Father of the Turks). None of the other Muslim nations of the region followed his example, which are still ruled by conservative autocratic and often oppressive regimes.
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References
M. Tomanbay, “Turkey’s Water Potential and the Southeast Anatolia” in Water Balances in the Eastern Mediterranean, D.B. Brooks and O. Mehmet (eds.), International Development Research Center, Ottawa pp. 95–112 (2000).
D. Hillel, Rivers of Eden: The Struggle for Water and the Quest for Peace in the Middle East. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1994). N. Kliot, Water Resources and Conflicts in the Middle East. Routledge, London, (1994). S. Altout, “Water Balances in Palestine, Numbers and Political Cultures in the Middle East” in: Water Balances in the Eastern Mediterranean, Brooks and Mehmet (eds.), pp. 59–84 (2000).
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Special Report on The Regional Impacts of Climate Change, An Assessment of Vulnerability, Chapter 7 — Middle East and Arid Asia (WMO — UNEP (2001).
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© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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(2007). An Epilogue. In: Climate Change —. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69852-4_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69852-4_10
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