Skip to main content

Part of the book series: IFMBE Proceedings ((IFMBE,volume 13))

Abstract

Flexible microphone and earphone prototypes for wearable applications were developed by using ElectroMechanical Film (EMFiℳ)*. A suitable application for the developed headset can be, for instance, as accessory of rescue services or sport enthusiasts. Due its versatile properties, EMFi can be used both as microphone and earphone material. The sensor operation is based on thickness changes caused by an external force or pressure, generating charge and thus voltage on the electrodes. EMFi also works conversely, converting electrical energy to vibration and hence functioning as an actuator. In addition, measurement electronics for the microphone and earphone were implemented. Preliminary test measurements were carried out: the frequency response of the EMFi microphone was compared with the one of a reference B&K microphone. The EMFi microphone provides rather good response. Also subjective listening tests were done. For these measurements, the EMFi headset was integrated inside a neoprene hood used by the surface rescuers. Both with the microphone and earphone the quality of voice was sufficient. Based on the results, EMFi seems to be a promising material for some wearable audio applications.

EMFi is a registered trademark of Emfit Ltd.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. M. Paajanen, J. Lekkala and K. Kirjavainen, ElectroMechanical Film (EMFi) — a New Multipurpose Electret Material, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 84 (2000), pp. 95–102, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Encyclopedia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Homepage of Emfit Ltd, http://www.emfit.com.

    Google Scholar 

  4. M. Paajanen, J. Lekkala and H. Välimäki, Electromechanical modeling and properties of the electret film EMFi, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 629–636, 2001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. K. Kirjavainen, Electromechanical Film and procedure for manufacturing same, U.S. Patent No. 4654546, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  6. J. Backman and M. Karjalainen, Audio and ultrasonic transducers based on Electrothermomechanical Film (ETMF), Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing International Conference on 3–6 Apr. 1990, 1173–1776.

    Google Scholar 

  7. G. Evreinov and R. Raisamo, One-directional position-sensitive force transducer based on EMFi, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 123–124 (2005), pp. 204–209.

    Google Scholar 

  8. M. Antila, H. Nykänen and K. Saarinen, Multichannel Electromechanical Film panel loudspeakers, AES 16th International Conference on Spatial Sound Reproduction, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  9. H. Nykanen, M. Antila, J. Kataja, J. Lekkala, and S. Uosukainen, Active control of sound based on utilizing EMFi technology, ACTIVE 99, pp. 1159–1170.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Homepage of Screentec Ltd, http://www.screentec.com.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Homepage of B-Band Ltd, http://www.b-band.com.

    Google Scholar 

  12. T. Koivistoinen, S. Junnila, A. Varri and T. Koobi, A new method for measuring the ballistocardiogram using EMFi sensors in a normal chair, Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2004. pp. 2026–2029.

    Google Scholar 

  13. H. Young and R. Freedman, University Physics, 9th edition, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Ch. 21, pp. 646–668.

    Google Scholar 

  14. M. Paajanen, H. Välimäki and J. Lekkala, Modelling the Electromechanical Film (EMFi), Journal of Electrostatics, 48 (2000), 193–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. J. Lekkala, M. Paajanen and K. Kirjavainen, A New dimension in loudspeakers, Materials World, 2001, 22–24.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Genelec 1029A Active monitoring system datasheet, www.genelec.com.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Satu Kärki .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering

About this paper

Cite this paper

Kärki, S., Salpavaara, T., Lekkala, J. (2007). EMFi in wearable audio applications. In: Leonhardt, S., Falck, T., Mähönen, P. (eds) 4th International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (BSN 2007). IFMBE Proceedings, vol 13. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70994-7_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70994-7_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-70993-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-70994-7

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics