Abstract
Although climate change has been prominently featured on the global scientific and political agendas since the World Climate Conference in 1979 (WCC 1979), the specific importance of adaptation to climate change has only been underlined about 20 years later. The Netherlands, because it lies largely under sea level, has much to benefit from climate change adaptation. Surprisingly, however, although the Netherlands has been very active in pursuing international climate change politics, the country has not put much effort in politicizing climate change adaptation internationally in this early period and domestically published its National Adaptation Strategy only as late as 2007. This chapter attempts to explain the evolution of Dutch climate change adaptation strategies. It examines adaptation policies in four climate-related sectors (water, nature, agriculture and spatial planning) to identify general patterns regarding adaptation strategies in the Netherlands.
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Notes
- 1.
This expression has been borrowed from Pielke’s et al. (2007) commentary in Nature in which they argue for rehabilitating adaptation in international climate change politics.
- 2.
See: http://www.denkvooruit.nl. Accessed 08 November 2013.
- 3.
See also: http://www.klimaatbuffers.nl/english-homepage-2. Accessed 08 November 2013.
- 4.
If spatial developments are allowed, negative impacts on nature should be mitigated and remaining damage should be compensated.
- 5.
Allows changing the borders of NEN areas on a small scale when this has a positive effect on quality or quantity. When it happens for other reasons, the ‘no-unless’ principle applies.
- 6.
A development approach allowing an integrated approach to NEN areas combining different qualitative or quantitative aims.
- 7.
Among the laws are the Water Management Act which managed both quality and quantity issues, the Flood Defences Act of 1996, the Groundwater Act, the 1969 Surface Waters Pollution Act, the 1975 Marine Waters Pollution Act, the Act of 14 July 1904 containing provisions on land reclamation and construction of dikes, the Public Works Management Act (sections relating to waterways), the Public Works Act 1900 (sections relating to waterways). The Act on Municipal Water Tasks (2008) has partly been integrated in the Water Act.
- 8.
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Acknowledgements
This chapter was partially funded by past research entitled: ‘IC12: Institutions for Adaptation: The Capacity and Ability of the Dutch Institutional Framework to Adapt to Climate Change’, which is funded by the Netherlands BSIK-Program Climate changes Spatial Planning (CcSP).Footnote 8
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Gupta, J., Klostermann, J.E.M., Bergsma, E., Jong, P. (2014). Adaptation Strategies in the Netherlands. In: Albrecht, E., Schmidt, M., Mißler-Behr, M., Spyra, S. (eds) Implementing Adaptation Strategies by Legal, Economic and Planning Instruments on Climate Change. Environmental Protection in the European Union, vol 4. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77614-7_5
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