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Zytomegalie

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Infektionserkrankungen der Schwangeren und des Neugeborenen

Zusammenfassung

Die kongenitale Infektion mit dem Zytomegalievirus („cytomegalovirus“, CMV) ist mit einer Häufigkeit von 0,2–2,2 % weltweit (in Deutschland geschätzt 0,2–0,3 %) die häufigste kongenitale virale Infektion mit schwerwiegenden Schäden bei der Geburt und auch im späteren Leben. Sie gilt als eine der wichtigsten Ursachen für mentale Retardierung und nichterbliche Taubheit im frühen Kleinkindalter. Das Hauptrisiko für kongenitale Infektion und Schädigung besteht bei mütterlicher Primärinfektion in der Frühschwangerschaft (Stagno et al. 1982a). Diese ist durch den Nachweis einer CMV-IgG-Serokonversion und erhöhte CMV-IgM-Antikörpertiter gekennzeichnet. Rekurrierende Infektionen werden anhand von positivenCMV-IgG-Antikörper-Befunden vor der Konzeption und dem Nachweis einer kongenitalen Infektion beim Neugeborenen erfasst. Interessanterweise kann es im Gegensatz zu einigen anderen schwangerschaftsrelevanten Erregern, z. B. Toxoplasma gondii und Varizella-Zoster-Virus, auch bei rekurrierenden Infektionen (d. h. bei CMV-IgG-Antikörper-positiven Schwangeren) zur kongenitalen Infektion kommen, die aber nur relativ selten Schädigungen verursacht. Außer für die Schwangerschaft spielt die CMV-Infektion für immunsupprimierte Patienten, z. B. nach Transplantationen sowie bei Tumoren oder HIV-Infektion, eine große Rolle.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Labor Prof. Gisela Enders MVZ GbR, Institut für Virologie, Infektiologie und Epidemiologie e.V., Rosenbergstraße 85, 70193, Stuttgart, Deutschland

    Gisela Enders Prof. habil. Dr. med.

  2. Klinik u. Poliklinik f. Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Campus Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Maistraße 11, 80337, München, Deutschland

    Ioannis Mylonas

  3. Kinderklinik und Kinderpoliklinik im Dr. von Haunerschen Kinderspital, Abteilung für Neonatologie am Perinatalzentrum, Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Campus Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, München, Deutschland

    Andreas Schulze Prof. Dr. med.

  4. Klinik u. Poliklinik f. Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Campus Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Maistraße 11, 80337, München, Deutschland

    Klaus Friese Prof. Dr. med.

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  1. Gisela Enders Prof. habil. Dr. med.
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  4. Klaus Friese Prof. Dr. med.
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  1. Klinik u. Poliklinik f. Frauenheilkunde, und Geburtshilfe, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Maistraße 11, München, 80337, Germany

    Klaus Friese

  2. Klinikum Innenstadt, Klinik für Geburtshilfe, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Maistr. 11, München, 80337, Germany

    Ioannis Mylonas

  3. Neonato. im Perinatalzen. Großhadern, Dr. von Haunerschen Kinderspital, Universitätsklinikum München, Marchioninistr. 15, München, 81377, Germany

    Andreas Schulze

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Enders, G., Mylonas, I., Schulze, A., Friese, K. (2013). Zytomegalie. In: Friese, K., Mylonas, I., Schulze, A. (eds) Infektionserkrankungen der Schwangeren und des Neugeborenen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78325-1_19

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78325-1_19

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-78324-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-78325-1

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

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