Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Degenerative Disk Disease

  • Chapter
Pitfalls in Cervical Spine Surgery

When dealing with degenerative disease at the cervical spine, the target of any procedure must be the complete removal of the cause of the damage to the myeloradicu-lar structures. When the pathological process causes an anterior compression, the anterior approach should be preferred. The release of the compressed neural structures via an anterior approach can be performed by several techniques, depending on the skill and experience of the surgeon in using a specific procedure (e.g., Cloward vs. Smith—Robinson vs. multilevel surgery).

In some patients, the stenosis is due to specific posterior abnormalities such as hypertrophy of the liga-mentum flavum, anomalies of the laminae and pedicles, and degenerative changes at the facet joints. Moreover, the spinal canal can be narrowed in a uniform manner on a congenital basis, or be segmentally stenotic for an ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) disease. All these diseases can benefit from a surgical decompression from the back.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Fountas KN, Kapsalaki EZ, Nikolakakos LG et al (2007) Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion associated complications. Spine 32:2310–2317

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Romano PS, Campa DR, Rainwater JA (1997) Elective cervical discectomy in California: postoperative in-hospital complications and their risk factors. Spine 22:2677–2692

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Smith GW, Robinson RA (1958) The treatment of certain cervical-spine disorders by anterior removal of the intervertebral disc and interbody fusion. J Bone Joint Surg Am 40-A:607–624

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Cloward RB (1959) Vertebral body fusion for ruptured cervical discs. Am J Surg 98:722–727

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bailey RW, Badgley CE (1960) Stabilization of the cervical spine by anterior fusion. J Bone Joint Surg Am 42-A:565–594

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Robinson RA (1964) Anterior and posterior cervical spine fusions. Clin Orthop Relat Res 35:34–62

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bertalanffy H, Eggert HR (1989) Complications of anterior cervical discectomy without fusion in 450 consecutive patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 99:41–50

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Cloward RB (1971) Complications of anterior cervical disc operation and their treatment. Surgery 69:175–182

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Boni M, Cherubino P, Denaro V et al (1984) Multiple subtotal somatectomy. Technique and evaluation of a series of 39 cases. Spine 9:358–362

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Boni M, Denaro V (1982) The cervical stenosis syndrome with a review of 83 patients treated by operation. Int Orthop 6:185–195

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Denaro E (1991) Stenosis of the cervical spine. Springer, Berlin

    Book  Google Scholar 

  12. Denaro V (1994) Surgical management of cervical myelopa-thy according to the Boni-Denaro technique. In: Kehr P (ed) Rachis cervical dégénératif et traumatique, Cahiers d'enseignement de la SOFCOT, Vol 48. Expansion Scientifique Francaise, Paris, pp 174–182

    Google Scholar 

  13. Heidecke V, Rainov NG, Marx T et al (2000) Outcome in Cloward anterior fusion for degenerative cervical spinal disease. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 142:283–291

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Lesoin F, Bouasakao N, Clarisse J et al (1985) Results of surgical treatment of radiculomyelopathy caused by cervical arthrosis based on 1000 operations. Surg Neurol 23:350–355

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Chozick BS, Watson P, Greenblatt SH (1994) Internal carotid artery thrombosis after cervical corpectomy. Spine 19:2230–2232

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Golfinos JG, Dickman CA, Zabramski JM et al (1994) Repair of vertebral artery injury during anterior cervical decompression. Spine 19:2552–2556

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Eleraky MA, Llanos C, Sonntag VK (1999) Cervical corpec-tomy: report of 185 cases and review of the literature. J Neurosurg 90:35–41

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Daentzer D, Deinsberger W, Boker DK (2003) Vertebral artery complications in anterior approaches to the cervical spine: report of two cases and review of literature. Surg Neurol 59:300–309; discussion 309

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Neo M, Fujibayashi S, Miyata M et al (2008) Vertebral artery injury during cervical spine surgery: a survey of more than 5600 operations. Spine 33:779–785

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Hoshino Y (1987) Enlargement of spinal canal by the sagittal splitting of spinal processes. Shujutsu 41:489–497

    Google Scholar 

  21. Curylo LJ, Mason HC, Bohlman HH et al (2000) Tortuous course of the vertebral artery and anterior cervical decompression: a cadaveric and clinical case study. Spine 25:2860–2864

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Jamjoom ZA (1997) Pharyngo-cutaneous fistula following anterior cervical fusion. Br J Neurosurg 11:69–74

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Orlando ER, Caroli E, Ferrante L (2003) Management of the cervical esophagus and hypofarinx perforations complicating anterior cervical spine surgery. Spine 28:E290–E295

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Brown JA, Havel P, Ebraheim N et al (1988) Cervical stabilization by plate and bone fusion. Spine 13:236–240

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Goldstein LA, Thompson WR (1982) Esophageal perforations: a 15 year experience. Am J Surg 143:495–503

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Mayr MT, Subach BR, Comey CH et al (2002) Cervical spinal stenosis: outcome after anterior corpectomy, allograft reconstruction, and instrumentation. J Neurosurg 96:10–16

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Zdeblick TA, Bohlman HH (1989) Cervical kyphosis and myelopathy. Treatment by anterior corpectomy and strut-grafting. J Bone Joint Surg Am 71:170–182

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Winslow CP, Winslow TJ, Wax MK (2001) Dysphonia and dysphagia following the anterior approach to the cervical spine. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 127:51–55

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Hoshino Y, Kurokawa T, Nakamura K et al (1996) A report on the safety of unilateral vertebral artery ligation during cervical spine surgery. Spine 21:1454–1457

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Leelamanit V, Limsakul C, Geater A (2002) Synchronized electrical stimulation in treating pharyngeal dysphagia. Laryngoscope 112:2204–2210

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Logemann JA (2007) Oropharyngeal dysphagia and nutritional management. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 10:611–614

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Kahraman S, Sirin S, Erdogan E et al (2007) Is dysphonia permanent or temporary after anterior cervical approach? Eur Spine J 16:2092–2095

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Hannallah D, Lee J, Khan M et al (2008) Cerebrospinal fluid leaks following cervical spine surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am 90:1101–1105

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Riew KD, Cheng I, Pimenta L et al (2007) Posterior cervical spine surgery for radiculopathy. Neurosurgery 60:S57–S63

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Kitchel SH, Eismont FJ, Green BA (1989) Closed subarach-noid drainage for management of cerebrospinal fluid leakage after an operation on the spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am 71:984–987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Wheeler DL, Enneking WF (2005) Allograft bone decreases in strength in vivo over time. Clin Orthop Relat Res 435:36–42

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Boni M, Di Guglielmo L, Denaro V (1987) CT evaluation of the multiple subtotal somatectomy results. In: Kehr P, Weidner A (eds) Cervical spine. Springer, Austria, pp 124–130

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  38. Vadala G, Di Martino A, Tirindelli MC et al (2008) Use of autologous bone marrow cells concentrate enriched with platelet-rich fibrin on corticocancellous bone allograft for posterolateral multilevel cervical fusion. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2:515–520

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Jones J, Yoo J, Hart R (2006) Delayed fracture of fibular strut allograft following multilevel anterior cervical spine corpectomy and fusion. Spine 31:E595–E599

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Hughes SS, Pringle T, Phillips F et al (2006) Settling of fibula strut grafts following multilevel anterior cervical corpec-tomy: a radiographic evaluation. Spine 31:1911–1915

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Denaro V, Di Martino A, Longo UG et al (2008) Effectiveness of a mucolythic agent as a local adjuvant in revision lumbar spine surgery. Eur Spine J 17:1752–1756

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Denaro V, Kehr P (eds) (1989) Infected cervical spine in five cases. In: Cervical spine II. Springer, Vienna, pp131–138

    Google Scholar 

  43. Eck JC, Humphreys SC, Lim TH et al (2002) Biomechanical study on the effect of cervical spine fusion on adjacent-level intradiscal pressure and segmental motion. Spine 27:2431–2434

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Kaiser MG, Haid RW Jr, Subach BR et al (2002) Anterior cervical plating enhances arthrodesis after discectomy and fusion with cortical allograft. Neurosurgery 50:229–236; discussion 236–228

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Reitman CA, Hipp JA, Nguyen L et al (2004) Changes in segmental intervertebral motion adjacent to cervical arthro-desis: a prospective study. Spine 29:E221–E226

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Fuller DA, Kirkpatrick JS, Emery SE et al (1998) A kinematic study of the cervical spine before and after segmental arthrodesis. Spine 23:1649–1656

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Goffin J, Geusens E, Vantomme N (2004) Long-term follow-up after interbody fusion of the cervical spine. J Spinal Disord Tech 17:79–85

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Stabler A, Eck J, Penning R et al (2001) Cervical spine: postmortem assessment of accident injuries–comparison of radiographic, MR imaging, anatomic, and pathologic find-ings. Radiology 221:340–346

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Boni M, Denaro V (1982) Surgical treatment of cervical arthrosis. Follow-up review (2–13 years) of the 1st 100 cases operated on by anterior approach. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 68:269–280

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Hilibrand AS, Carlson GD, Palumbo MA et al (1999) Radiculopathy and myelopathy at segments adjacent to the site of a previous anterior cervical arthrodesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 81:519–528

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Gonzalez O, Smith RL, Goodman SB (1996) Effect of size, concentration, surface area, and volume of polymethyl-methacrylate particles on human macrophages in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res 30:463–473

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Denaro V, Gulino G, Denaro L (1998) Sovraccarichi funzi-onali dopo artrodesi della colonna cervicale. Giornale Italiano di Ortopedia e Traumatologia 24:473S–479S

    Google Scholar 

  53. Grubb MR, Currier BL, Shih JS et al (1998) Biomechanical evaluation of anterior cervical spine stabilization. Spine 23:886–892

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Jackson RP, McManus AC (1994) Radiographic analysis of sagittal plane alignment and balance in standing volunteers and patients with low back pain matched for age, sex, and size. A prospective controlled clinical study. Spine 19:1611–1618

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Oda I, Cunningham BW, Buckley RA et al (1999) Does spinal kyphotic deformity influence the biomechanical characteristics of the adjacent motion segments? An in vivo animal model. Spine 24:2139–2146

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Stokes IA, Wilder DG, Frymoyer JW et al (1981) 1980 Volvo award in clinical sciences. Assessment of patients with low-back pain by biplanar radiographic measurement of intervertebral motion. Spine 6:233–240

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Katsuura A, Hukuda S, Saruhashi Y et al (2001) Kyphotic malalignment after anterior cervical fusion is one of the factors promoting the degenerative process in adjacent intervertebral levels. Eur Spine J 10:320–324

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Wright IP, Eisenstein SM (2007) Anterior cervical discec-tomy and fusion without instrumentation. Spine 32:772–774; discussion 775

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Samartzis D, Shen FH, Lyon C et al (2004) Does rigid instru-mentation increase the fusion rate in one-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion? Spine J 4:636–643

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Samartzis D, Shen FH, Matthews DK et al (2003) Comparison of allograft to autograft in multilevel anterior cervical dis-cectomy and fusion with rigid plate fixation. Spine J 3:451–459

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Rapoff AJ, Conrad BP, Johnson WM et al (2003) Load sharing in premier and zephir anterior cervical plates. Spine 28:2648–2650; discussion 2651

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Greene DL, Crawford NR, Chamberlain RH et al (2003) Biomechanical comparison of cervical interbody cage versus structural bone graft. Spine J 3:262–269

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Spivak JM, Chen D, Kummer FJ (1999) The effect of locking fixation screws on the stability of anterior cervical plating. Spine 24:334–338

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. DuBois CM, Bolt PM, Todd AG et al (2007) Static versus dynamic plating for multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Spine J 7:188–193

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Bose B (2003) Anterior cervical arthrodesis using DOC dynamic stabilization implant for improvement in sagittal angulation and controlled settling. J Neurosurg 98:8–13

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Epstein NE (2003) Anterior cervical dynamic ABC plating with single level corpectomy and fusion in forty-two patients. Spinal Cord 41:153–158

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Park JB, Cho YS, Riew KD (2005) Development of adjacent-level ossification in patients with an anterior cervical plate. J Bone Joint Surg Am 87:558–563

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Steinmetz MP, Warbel A, Whitfield M et al (2002) Preliminary experience with the DOC dynamic cervical implant for the treatment of multilevel cervical spondylosis. J Neurosurg 97:330–336

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Epstein NE (2007) Complication avoidance in 116 dynamic-plated single-level anterior corpectomy and fusion. J Spinal Disord Tech 20:347–351

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Ipsen BJ, Kim DH, Jenis LG et al (2007) Effect of plate position on clinical outcome after anterior cervical spine surgery. Spine J 7:637–642

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Bose B (1998) Anterior cervical fusion using Caspar plating: analysis of results and review of the literature. Surg Neurol 49:25–31

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Connolly PJ, Esses SI, Kostuik JP (1996) Anterior cervical fusion: outcome analysis of patients fused with and without anterior cervical plates. J Spinal Disord 9:202–206

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Gassman J, Seligson D (1983) The anterior cervical plate. Spine 8:700–707

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Geisler FH, Caspar W, Pitzen T et al (1998) Reoperation in patients after anterior cervical plate stabilization in degenerative disease. Spine 23:911–920

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Heidecke V, Rainov NG, Burkert W (1998) Anterior cervical fusion with the Orion locking plate system. Spine 23:1796–1802; discussion 1803

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Lowery GL, McDonough RF (1998) The significance of hardware failure in anterior cervical plate fixation. Patients with 2- to 7-year follow-up. Spine 23:181–186; discussion 186–187

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Tye GW, Graham RS, Broaddus WC et al (2002) Graft subsidence after instrument-assisted anterior cervical fusion. J Neurosurg 97:186–192

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Kostuik JP, Connolly PJ, Esses SI et al (1993) Anterior cer-vical plate fixation with the titanium hollow screw plate system. Spine 18:1273–1278

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. McCullen GM, Garfin SR (2000) Spine update: cervical spine internal fixation using screw and screw-plate constructs. Spine 25:643–652

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Sahjpaul RL (2007) Esophageal perforation from anterior cervical screw migration. Surg Neurol 68:205–209; discussion 209–210

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Panjabi MM, Isomi T, Wang JL (1999) Loosening at the screw-vertebra junction in multilevel anterior cervical plate constructs. Spine 24:2383–2388

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Mourning D, Reitman CA, Heggeness MH et al (2007) Initial intervertebral stability after anterior cervical discec-tomy and fusion with plating. Spine J 7:643–646

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Ning X, Wen Y, Xiao-Jian Y et al (2008) Anterior cervical locking plate-related complications; prevention and treatment recommendations. Int Orthop 32:649–655

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Sasso RC, Smucker JD, Hacker RJ et al (2007) Artificial disc versus fusion: a prospective, randomized study with 2-year follow-up on 99 patients. Spine 32:2933–2940; discussion 2941–2932

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Papadopoulos EC, Huang RC, Girardi FP et al (2006) Three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with plate fixa-tion: radiographic and clinical results. Spine 31:897–902

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Singh K, Vaccaro AR, Kim J et al (2003) Biomechanical comparison of cervical spine reconstructive techniques after a multilevel corpectomy of the cervical spine. Spine 28:2352–2358; discussion 2358

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Singh K, Vaccaro AR, Kim J et al (2004) Enhancement of stability following anterior cervical corpectomy: a biome-chanical study. Spine 29:845–849

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Hacker RJ, Cauthen JC, Gilbert TJ et al (2000) A pro-spective randomized multicenter clinical evaluation of an anterior cervical fusion cage. Spine 25:2646–2654; discussion 2655

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Vaidya R, Carp J, Sethi A et al (2007) Complications of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2. Eur Spine J 16:1257–1265

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Cauthen JC, Theis RP, Allen AT (2003) Anterior cervical fusion: a comparison of cage, dowel and dowel-plate constructs. Spine J 3:106–117; discussion 117

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Kanayama M, Hashimoto T, Shigenobu K et al (2003) Pitfalls of anterior cervical fusion using titanium mesh and local autograft. J Spinal Disord Tech 16:513–518

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Hasegawa K, Abe M, Washio T et al (2001) An experimental study on the interface strength between titanium mesh cage and vertebra in reference to vertebral bone mineral density. Spine 26:957–963

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Dorai Z, Morgan H, Coimbra C (2003) Titanium cage reconstruction after cervical corpectomy. J Neurosurg 99:3–7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Hee HT, Majd ME, Holt RT et al (2003) Complications of multilevel cervical corpectomies and reconstruction with titanium cages and anterior plating. J Spinal Disord Tech 16:1–8; discussion 8–9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Das K, Couldwell WT, Sava G et al (2001) Use of cylindrical titanium mesh and locking plates in anterior cervical fusion. Technical note. J Neurosurg 94:174–178 96. Cho DY, Lee WY, Sheu PC (2004) Treatment of multilevel cervical fusion with cages. Surg Neurol 62:378–385; discussion 385–376

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Cho DY, Lee WY, Sheu PC (2004) Treatment of multilevel cervical fusion with cages. Surg Neurol 62:378–385; discussion 385–376

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Cho DY, Liau WR, Lee WY et al (2002) Preliminary experience using a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage in the treatment of cervical disc disease. Neurosurgery 51:1343– 1349; discussion 1349–1350

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Vaccaro AR, Robbins MM, Madigan L et al (2004) Early findings in a pilot study of anterior cervical fusion in which bioabsorbable interbody spacers were used in the treatment of cervical degenerative disease. Neurosurg Focus 16:E7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Wiggins GC, Shaffrey CI (2007) Dorsal surgery for myel-opathy and myeloradiculopathy. Neurosurgery 60:S71–S81

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Rao RD, Currier BL, Albert TJ et al (2007) Degenerative cervical spondylosis: clinical syndromes, pathogenesis, and management. J Bone Joint Surg Am 89:1360–1378

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Yonenobu K, Hosono N, Iwasaki M et al (1991) Neurologic complications of surgery for cervical compression myel-opathy. Spine 16:1277–1282

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Dai L, Ni B, Yuan W et al (1998) Radiculopathy after laminectomy for cervical compression myelopathy. J Bone Joint Surg Br 80:846–849

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Yonenobu K, Okada K, Fuji T et al (1986) Causes of neurologic deterioration following surgical treatment of cervical myelopathy. Spine 11:818–823

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Herkowitz HN (1988) A comparison of anterior cervical fusion, cervical laminectomy, and cervical laminoplasty for the surgical management of multiple level spondylotic radiculopathy. Spine 13:774–780

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Komotar RJ, Mocco J, Kaiser MG (2006) Surgical management of cervical myelopathy: indications and techniques for laminectomy and fusion. Spine J 6:252S–267S

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Kaminsky SB, Clark CR, Traynelis VC (2004) Operative treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy and radiculopathy. A comparison of laminectomy and lamino-plasty at five year average follow-up. Iowa Orthop J 24:95–105

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Miyazaki K, Kirita Y (1986) Extensive simultaneous multisegment laminectomy for myelopathy due to the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical region. Spine 11:531–542

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Mizuno J, Nakagawa H (2006) Ossified posterior longitudinal ligament: management strategies and outcomes. Spine J 6:282S–288S

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Hirabayashi K, Watanabe K, Wakano K et al (1983) Expansive open-door laminoplasty for cervical spinal stenotic myelopathy. Spine 8:693–699

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Itoh T (1986) Clinical studies on the significance of en bloc laminoplasty for cervical compressive myelopathy. Nippon Seikeigeka Gakkai Zasshi 60:1109–1123

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Itoh T, Tsuji H (1985) Technical improvements and results of laminoplasty for compressive myelopathy in the cervical spine. Spine 10:729–736

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Tomita K, Nomura S, Umeda S et al (1988) Cervical lamin-oplasty to enlarge the spinal canal in multilevel ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament with myelopathy. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 107:148–153

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. O'Brien MF, Peterson D, Casey AT et al (1996) A novel technique for laminoplasty augmentation of spinal canal area using titanium miniplate stabilization. A computerized morphometric analysis. Spine 21:474–483; discussion 484

    Google Scholar 

  114. Heller JG, Edwards CC II, Murakami H et al (2001) Laminoplasty versus laminectomy and fusion for multi-level cervical myelopathy: an independent matched cohort analysis. Spine 26:1330–1336

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Satomi K, Ogawa J, Ishii Y et al (2001) Short-term complications and long-term results of expansive open-door lamin-oplasty for cervical stenotic myelopathy. Spine J 1:26–30

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Maeda T, Arizono T, Saito T et al (2002) Cervical alignment, range of motion, and instability after cervical lamin-oplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res 401:132–138

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Ratliff JK, Cooper PR (2003) Cervical laminoplasty: a critical review. J Neurosurg 98:230–238

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Yonenobu K, Oda T (2003) Posterior approach to the degenerative cervical spine. Eur Spine J 12(Suppl 2): S195–S201

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Sakaura H, Hosono N, Mukai Y et al (2003) C5 palsy after decompression surgery for cervical myelopathy: review of the literature. Spine 28:2447–2451

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Mukai Y, Hosono N, Sakaura H et al (2004) Laminoplasty for cervical myelopathy caused by subaxial lesions in rheumatoid arthritis. J Neurosurg 100:7–12

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Suda K, Abumi K, Ito M et al (2003) Local kyphosis reduces surgical outcomes of expansive open-door lamino-plasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Spine 28:1258–1262

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Callahan RA, Johnson RM, Margolis RN et al (1977) Cervical facet fusion for control of instability following laminectomy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 59:991–1002

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Sim FH, Svien HJ, Bickel WH et al (1974) Swan-neck deformity following extensive cervical laminectomy. A review of twenty-one cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 56:564–580

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Stauffer ES, Kelly EG (1977) Fracture-dislocations of the cervical spine. Instability and recurrent deformity following treatment by anterior interbody fusion. J Bone Joint Surg Am 59:45–48

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Rogers W (1942) Treatment of fractures and dislocations of the cervical spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am 24:145–248

    Google Scholar 

  126. Sekhon LH (2005) Posterior cervical lateral mass screw fixation: analysis of 1026 consecutive screws in 143 patients. J Spinal Disord Tech 18:297–303

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Deen HG, Birch BD, Wharen RE et al (2003) Lateral mass screw-rod fixation of the cervical spine: a prospective clinical series with 1-year follow-up. Spine J 3:489–495

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Goodman SB, Huie P, Song Y et al (1998) Cellular profile and cytokine production at prosthetic interfaces. Study of tissues retrieved from revised hip and knee replacements. J Bone Joint Surg Br 80:531–539

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Heller JG, Carlson GD, Abitbol JJ et al (1991) Anatomic comparison of the Roy-Camille and Magerl techniques for screw placement in the lower cervical spine. Spine 16:S552–S557

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Heller JG, Silcox DH III, Sutterlin CE 3rd (1995) Complications of posterior cervical plating. Spine 20:2442–2448

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Ebraheim NA, Rupp RE, Savolaine ER et al (1995) Posterior plating of the cervical spine. J Spinal Disord 8:111–115

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Ludwig SC, Kramer DL, Vaccaro AR et al (1999) Transpedicle screw fixation of the cervical spine. Clin Orthop Relat Res 359:77–88

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. Abumi K, Shono Y, Ito M et al (2000) Complications of pedicle screw fixation in reconstructive surgery of the cervical spine. Spine 25:962–969

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Wertheim SB, Bohlman HH (1987) Occipitocervical fusion. Indications, technique, and long-term results in thirteen patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am 69:833–836

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Denaro V, Papalia R, Denaro L et al (2009) Cervical spinal disc replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br 91:713–719

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Mummaneni PV, Burkus JK, Haid RW et al (2007) Clinical and radiographic analysis of cervical disc arthroplasty compared with allograft fusion: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Neurosurg Spine 6:198–209

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Putzier M, Funk JF, Schneider SV et al (2006) Charite total disc replacement–clinical and radiographical results after an average follow-up of 17 years. Eur Spine J 15:183–195

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. Cummins BH, Robertson JT, Gill SS (1998) Surgical experience with an implanted artificial cervical joint. J Neurosurg 88:943–948

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Mummaneni PV, Haid RW (2004) The future in the care of the cervical spine: interbody fusion and arthroplasty. Invited submission from the joint section meeting on disorders of the spine and peripheral nerves, March 2004. J Neurosurg Spine 1:155–159

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  140. Boden SD, Balderston RA, Heller JG et al (2004) An AOA critical issue. Disc replacements: this time will we really cure low-back and neck pain?. J Bone Joint Surg Am 86-A:411–422

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  141. Goffin J, Van Calenbergh F, van Loon J et al (2003) Intermediate follow-up after treatment of degenerative disc disease with the Bryan cervical disc prosthesis: single-level and bi-level. Spine 28:2673–2678

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  142. Goffin J, Casey A, Kehr P (2002) Preliminary clinical experience with the Bryan cervical disc prosthesis. Neurosurgery 51:840–845

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  143. Anderson PA, Rouleau JP, Bryan VE et al (2003) Wear analysis of the Bryan cervical disc prosthesis. Spine 28:S186–S194

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  144. Pickett GE, Mitsis DK, Sekhon LH et al (2004) Effects of a cervical disc prosthesis on segmental and cervical spine alignment. Neurosurg Focus 17:E5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  145. Pickett GE, Rouleau JP, Duggal N (2005) Kinematic analysis of the cervical spine following implantation of an artifi-cial cervical disc. Spine 30:1949–1954

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  146. Duggal N, Pickett GE, Mitsis DK et al (2004) Early clinical and biomechanical results following cervical arthroplasty. Neurosurg Focus 17:E9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  147. Lafuente J, Casey AT, Petzold A et al (2005) The Bryan cervical disc prosthesis as an alternative to arthrodesis in the treatment of cervical spondylosis: 46 consecutive cases. J Bone Joint Surg Br 87:508–512

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Sekhon LH (2004) Cervical arthroplasty in the management of spondylotic myelopathy: 18-month results. Neurosurg Focus 17:E8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  149. Coric D, Finger F, Boltes P (2006) Prospective randomized controlled study of the Bryan cervical disc: early clinical results from a single investigational site. J Neurosurg Spine 4:31–35

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  150. Wigfield CC, Gill SS, Nelson RJ et al (2002) The new Frenchay artificial cervical joint: results from a two-year pilot study. Spine 27:2446–2452

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  151. Traynelis VC (2002) Spinal arthroplasty. Neurosurg Focus 13:E10

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  152. Wigfield C, Gill S, Nelson R et al (2002) Influence of an artificial cervical joint compared with fusion on adjacent-level motion in the treatment of degenerative cervical disc disease. J Neurosurg 96:17–21

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  153. Delamarter RB (2006) Cervical disc replacement: over 3 year prospective randomized clinical outcomes and range of motion follow-up with the prodisc-C prosthesis (Paper #16). Presented at the 34th Cervical Spine Research Society, The Breakers — Palm Beach, FL

    Google Scholar 

  154. Bae HW (2006) 1 versus 2 versus 3 -level cervical artificial disc replacements: a prospective report of clinical outcomes with the prodisc-C (paper #19). Presented at the 34th Cervical Spine Research Society, The Breakers — Palm Beach, FL

    Google Scholar 

  155. Murrey D, Janssen M, Delamarter R et al (2009) Results of the prospective, randomized, controlled multicenter Food and Drug Administration investigational device exemption study of the ProDisc-C total disc replacement versus anterior discectomy and fusion for the treatment of 1-level symptomatic cervical disc disease. Spine J 9:275–286

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  156. Bertagnoli R, Zigler J, Karg A et al (2005) Complications and strategies for revision surgery in total disc replacement. Orthop Clin North Am 36:389–395

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  157. Bazaz R, Lee MJ, Yoo JU (2002) Incidence of dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery: a prospective study. Spine 27:2453–2458

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  158. Tomaras CR, Blacklock JB, Parker WD et al (1997) Outpatient surgical treatment of cervical radiculopathy. J Neurosurg 87:41–43

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Pickett GE, Sekhon LH, Sears WR et al (2006) Complications with cervical arthroplasty. J Neurosurg Spine 4:98–105

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  160. Cunningham BW, Orbegoso CM, Dmitriev AE et al (2002) The effect of titanium particulate on development and maintenance of a posterolateral spinal arthrodesis: an in vivo rabbit model. Spine 27:1971–1981

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  161. Bertagnoli R, Duggal N, Pickett GE et al (2005) Cervical total disc replacement, part two: clinical results. Orthop Clin North Am 36:355–362

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  162. Datta JC, Janssen ME, Beckham R et al (2007) Sagittal split fractures in multilevel cervical arthroplasty using a keeled prosthesis. J Spinal Disord Tech 20:89–92

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  163. Rubinstein RA Jr, Beals RK (1993) The results of treatment of posttraumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head in young adults: report of 31 patients. Contemp Orthop 27:527–532

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  164. Crowder AR, Duffy GP, Trousdale RT (2005) Long-term results of total knee arthroplasty in young patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Arthroplasty 20:12–16

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  165. Jensen WK, Anderson PA, Nel L et al (2005) Bone ingrowth in retrieved Bryan cervical disc prostheses. Spine 30:2497–2502

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  166. Jho HD, Kim MH, Kim WK (2002) Anterior cervical microforaminotomy for spondylotic cervical myelopathy: part 2. Neurosurgery 51:S54–S59

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  167. Saringer WF (2006) Anterior cervical foraminotomy (microsurgical and endoscopic). In: Mayer HM (ed) Minimally invasive spine surgery. Springer, Berlin, pp 82–91

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  168. Jho HD (1996) Microsurgical anterior cervical foramino-tomy for radiculopathy: a new approach to cervical disc herniation. J Neurosurg 84:155–160

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Johnson JP, Filler AG, McBride DQ et al (2000) Anterior cervical foraminotomy for unilateral radicular disease. Spine 25:905–909

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Verbiest H (1968) A lateral approach to the cervical spine: technique and indications. J Neurosurg 28:191–203

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Cosgrove GR, Theron J (1987) Vertebral arteriovenous fis-tula following anterior cervical spine surgery. Report of two cases. J Neurosurg 66:297–299

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Woertgen C, Holzschuh M, Rothoerl RD et al (1997) Prognostic factors of posterior cervical disc surgery: a prospective, consecutive study of 54 patients. Neurosurgery 40:724–728; discussion 728–729

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. Adamson TE (2001) Microendoscopic posterior cervical laminoforaminotomy for unilateral radiculopathy: results of a new technique in 100 cases. J Neurosurg 95:51–57

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Burke TG, Caputy A (2000) Microendoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy: a cadaveric model and clinical application for cervical radiculopathy. J Neurosurg 93:126–129

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Roh SW, Kim DH, Cardoso AC et al (2000) Endoscopic foraminotomy using MED system in cadaveric specimens. Spine 25:260–264

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Wang JC, Bohlman HH, Riew KD (1998) Dural tears secondary to operations on the lumbar spine. Management and results after a two-year-minimum follow-up of eighty-eight patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am 80:1728–1732

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. Young PH, Young JP, Young JC (2006) Microsurgical posterior approaches to the cervical spine. In: Mayer HM (ed) Minimally invasive spine surgery. Springer, Berlin, pp 107–117

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 5, Padua, 35128, Italy

    Vincenzo Denaro

  2. Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, Rome, 00128, Italy

    Luca Denaro

  3. Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Campus Biomedico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, Trigoria, Rome, 00128, Italy

    Alberto Di Martino

  4. Clinical Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, Rome, 00128, Italy

    Umile Giuseppe Longo

  5. Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, 275 Bancroft Road, London, E1 4DG, England

    Nicola Maffulli

Authors
  1. Vincenzo Denaro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Luca Denaro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Alberto Di Martino
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Umile Giuseppe Longo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Nicola Maffulli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vincenzo Denaro .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 5, Padua, 35128, Italy

    Luca Denaro  & Domenico D'Avella  & 

  2. Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, Rome, 00128, Italy

    Vincenzo Denaro

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Denaro, V., Denaro, L., Martino, A.D., Longo, U.G., Maffulli, N. (2010). Degenerative Disk Disease. In: Denaro, L., D'Avella, D., Denaro, V. (eds) Pitfalls in Cervical Spine Surgery. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85019-9_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85019-9_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-85018-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-85019-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation