Abstract
This chapter deals with strategies for cleaning oily desert soils through rhizosphere technology. Bioremediation involves two major approaches; seeding with suitable microorganisms and fertilization with microbial growth enhancing materials. Raising suitable crops in oil-polluted desert soils fulfills both objectives. The rhizosphere of many legume and non-legume plants is richer in oil-utilizing micro-organisms than non-vegetated soils. Furthermore, these rhizospheres also harbour symbiotic and asymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and are rich in simple organic compounds exuded by plant roots. Those exudates are excellent nutrients for oil-utilizing microorganisms. Since many rhizospheric bacteria have the combined activities of hydrocarbon-utilization and nitrogen fixation, phytoremediation provides a feasible and environmentally friendly biotechnology for cleaning oil-polluted soils, especially nitrogen-poor desert soils.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abdel-Nasser M, Makawi AA, Abdel-Moneir AA (1979) Occurrence of certain microorganism in rhizosphere soils of maize, common-bean and cotton as affected by the application of temik or orthocide pesticides. Egypt J Microbiol 14:37–44
Al-Awadhi H, El-Nemr I, Mahmoud H, Sorkhoh N, Radwan SS (2008) Plant-associated bacteria as tools for phytoremediation of oily nitrogen-poor soils. Int J Phytoremd 11:1–17
Al-Awadhi H, Sulaiman RHD, Mahmoud HM, Radwan SS (2007) Alkaliphilic and halophilic hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria from Kuwaiti coasts of the Arabian Gulf. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 77:183–186
Alexander M (1994) Biodegradation and bioremediation. Academic, San Diego
Al-Hasan RH, Al-Bader DA, Sorkhoh NA, Radwan SS (1998) Evidence for n-alkane consumption and oxidation by filamentous cyanobacteria from oil-contaminated coasts of the Arabian Gulf. Mar Biol 130:521–527
Al-Hasan RH, Sorkhoh NA, Al-Bader D, Radwan SS (1994) Utilization of hydrocarbons by cyanobacteria from microbial mats on oily coasts of the Gulf. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 41:615–619
Anderson TA, Kruger EL, Coats JR (1994) Biodegradation of pesticide wastes in the root zone of soils collected at an agrochemical dealership. In: Anderson TA, Coats JR (eds) Bioremediation through rhizosphere technology, American Chemical Society, Washington DC, pp. 199–209
Aprill W, Sims RC (1990) Evaluation of the use of prairie grasses for stimulating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons treated in soil. Chemosphere 20:253–265
Applied Biotreatment Association (1989) Case history compendium. Applied Biotreatment Association, Washington DC
Applied Biotreatment Association (1990) The role of biotreatment of oil spills. Applied Biotreatment Association, Washington DC
Atlas RM (1981) Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons: an environmental perspective. Microbiol Rev 45:180–209
Atlas RM (1995) Bioremediation. Chem Eng News, April 3:32–42
Atlas RM, Bartha R (1972) Degradation and mineralization of petroleum in seawater. Limitation by nitrogen and phosphorus. Biotech Bioeng 14:309–318
Atlas RM, Bartha R (1998) Microbial ecology, fundamentals and applications, 4th edn. Benjamin/Cummings, California
Atlas RM, Heintz CE (1973) Ultrastructure of two species of oil-degrading marine bacteria. Can J Microbiol 19:43–45
Atlas RM, Pramer D (1990) Focus on bioremediation. ASM News 56:7
Barabas G, Sorkhoh NA, Fardoon F, Radwan SS (1995) n-alkane utilization by oligocarbophilic actinomycete strains from oil-polluted Kuwaiti desert soil. Actinomycetol 9:13–18
Banks MK, Govindaraju RS, Schwab AP, Kulakow P (2000) Part I: Field demonstration. In: Fiorenza S, Oubre CL, Ward CH (eds) Phytoremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. Lewis Publishers, Baton Rouge, pp 3–88
Bossert I, Bartha R (1984) The fate of petroleum in soil ecosystem. In: Atlas RM (ed) Petroleum microbiology. Macmillan, New York, pp 435–473
Boulton CA, Ratledge C (1984) The physiology of hydrocarbon-utilization microorganisms. In: Wiseman A (ed) Topics in fermentation and enzyme technology, vol 9. Ellis Horwood, Chichester, pp 11–77
Boyle J, Shann J (1995) Biodegradation of phenol, 2,4-DCP and 2,4,5-T in field-collected rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils. J Environ Qual 24:782–785
Curl EA, Truelove B (1986) The rhizosphere. Springer, Berlin
Cerniglia CE, Gibson DT, van Baalen C (1980a) Oxidation of naphthalene by the cyanobacteria and microalgae. J Gen Microbiol 116:495–500
Cerniglia CE, van Baalen C, Gibson DT (1980b) Metabolism of naphthalene by the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. strain JCM. J Gen Microbiol 116:485–494
Cundell AM, Mueller WC, Traxier RW (1976) Morphology and ultrastructure of a Penicillium sp. grown on n-hexadecane or peptone. Appl Environ Microbiol 31:408–414
Dashti N, Khanafer M, Radwan SS (2005) Endophytic and epiphytic hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria associated with root nodules of legumes. In: Proceedings, Twenty-eighth Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program (AMOP) Technical Seminar, Calgary
Dejong E (1980) The effects of a crude oil spill on cereals. Environ Pollut Ser 22:187–196
Donnelly PK, Fletcher JS (1992) Abstracts of the 13th Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Cincinnati, OH, USA, p 103
Drees KP, Neilson JW, Betancourt JL, Quade J, Henderson DA, Pryor BM, Maier RM (2006) Bacterial community structure in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert, Chile. Appl Environ Microbiol 72:7902–7908
Einsele A (1983) Biomass from higher n-alkanes. In: Rehm H-J, Reed G (eds) Biotechnology — a comprehensive treatise, vol 3. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, pp 43–81
Ellis BE (1977) Degradation of phenolic compounds by freshwater algae. Plant Sci Lett 8:213–216
Franzman PD, Robertson WJ, Zappia LR, Davis GB (2002) The role of microbial populations in the containment of aromatic hydrocarbons in the subsurface. Biodegradation 13:65–78
Fattah AH, Wort DJ (1970) Effect of light and temperature on stimulation of vegetative and reproductive growth of bean plants by naphthenates. Agron J 62:576–577
Friedmann EL (1992) Endolithic microorganisms in the Antarctic cold desert. Science 215:1045–1053
Fukui A, Tanaka A (1981) Metabolism of alkanes by yeasts. Adv Biochem Eng 19:217–237
Gavrilova EA, Kruglov YV, Garankina NG Tr. Vses (1983) Influence of plants and rhizosphere microflora on degradation of diazinon in soil. Nauchno Issled Instit Skh Mikrobiologii 52:67–70
Gibbs CF (1975) Quantitative studies on marine biodegradation of oil. I. Nutrient limitation at 14°C. Proc R Soc London 188:61–82
Gibbs CF, Pugh KB, Andrews AP (1975) Quantitative studies on marine biodegradation of oil. II. Effect of temperature. Proc R Soc London 188:83–94
Glavin DP, Cleaves HJ, Schubert M, Aubrey A, Bada JL (2004) New methods for estimating bacterial cells abundances in natural samples by use of sublimation. Appl Environ Microbiol 70:5923–5928
Glick BR (2003) Phytoremediation: synergistic use of plants and bacteria to clean up the environment. Biotech Adv 21:383–393
Gomez-Silva B, Rainey FA, Warren-Rhodes KA, McKay CP, Navarro-Gonzalez R (2008) Atacama desert soil microbiology. In: Dion P, Nautiyal CS (ed) Microbiology of extreme soils, vol 13. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 117–132
Hasnain S, Yasmin S, Yasmin A (1993) The effect of lead resistant Pseudomonads on the growth of Triticum aestivum seedlings under lead stress. Environ Pollut 81:179–184
Hinchee RE, Olfenbuttel RE (1991a) In situ bioreclamation: applications and investigations for hydrocarbon contaminated site remediation. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston
Hinchee RE, Olfenbuttel RE (1991b) On site bioreclamation: processes for xenobiotic and hydrocarbon treatment. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston
Hong MS, Farmayan WF, Dortch IJ, Chiang CY (2001) Phytoremediation of MTBE from a ground water plume. Environ Sci Technol 35:1231–1239
Hunt PG, Rickard WE, Deneke FJ, Koutz FR, Murman RP (1973) Terrestrial oil spills in Alaska: environmental effects and recovery. In: API/EPA-USCG, Prevention and control of oil spills. American Petroleum Institute, Washington DC, pp. 733–740
Ivshina IB, Nesterenko OA, Glazacheva LE, Shekhotsev VP (1982) Facultative gas assimilating Rhodococcus rhodochrous studied by electron microscope. Mikrobiologiya 51:477–481
Jordahl JL, Foster L, Schnoor JL, Alvarez PJJ (1997) Effect of hybrid poplar tree on microbial population important to hazardous waste bioremediation. Environ Toxicol Chem 16:1318–1321
Katayama A, Matsumura F (1993) Degradation of organochloride pesticides, particularly endosulran, by trichloro harzianum. Environ Toxicol Chem 12:1059–1065
Kennedy RS, Finnerty WR (1975) Microbial assimilation of hydrocarbons. 1. The fine structure of hydrocarbon-oxidizing Acinetobacter sp. Arch Microbiol 10:75–83
Kinako PDS (1981) Short-term effect of oil pollution on species numbers and productivity of a simple terrestrial ecosystem. Environ Pollut Ser 26:87–91
Klug MJ, Markovetz AJ (1971) Utilization of aliphatic hydrocarbons by microorganisms. Adv Microb Physiol 5:1–43
Knaebel DB, Vestal JR (1994) Intact rhizosphere microbial communities used to study microbial biodegradation in agricultural and natural soils. In: Anderson TA, Coats JR (eds) Bioremediation through rhizosphere technology. American Chemical Society, Washington DC, pp 56–69
Komives T, Gullner G (2000) Phytoremediation. In: Wilkinson RE (ed) Plant-environment interaction. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 437–452
Koval EZ, Redchitz TI (1978) Fatty inclusions in the mycelium of aspergilli grown under surface cultivation on media with hydrocarbons. Mikrobiol Zh 40:736–740
Lappin HM, Greaves MP, Slater JH (1985) Degradation of the herbicide mecoprop [2-(2-methyl-4chlorophenoxy) propionic acid] by a synergistic microbial community. Appl Environ Microbiol 49:429–433
Leahy JG, Colwell RR (1990) Microbiological degradation of hydrocarbons in the environment. Microbiol Rev 54:305–315
Lester ED, Satomi M, Ponce A (2007) Microflora of extreme arid Atacama Desert soils. Soil Biol Biochem 39:704–708
Levi ID, Shennan JL, Ebbon GP (1979) Biomass from liquid n-alkanes. In: Rose AH (ed) Microbial biomass. Academic, New York, pp 361–491
Maier LM, Drees KP, Neilson JW, Handerson DA, Quade J, Betancourt JL (2004) Microbial life in the Atacama Desert. Science 306:1289
McGill WB, Nyborg M (1975) Reclamation of wet forest soils subjected to oil spills, Publication No. 6-75-1, Alberta Institute of Pedology. University of Alberta, Edmonton
McGill WB, Rowell MJ, Westlake DWS (1981) Biochemistry, ecology and microbiology of petroleum components. In: Paul EA, Ladd JN (eds) Soil biochemistry, vol 5. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 229–296
Mueller JG, Chapman PJ, Pritchard PH (1989) Creosote-contaminated sites: their potential for bioremediation. Environ Sci Technol 23:1197–1201
Navarro-Gonzalez R, Rainey FA, Molina P, Bagaley DR, Hollen BJ, De la Rosa J, Small AM, Quinn RC, Grunthaner FJ, Caceres L, Gomez-Silva B, McKay CP (2003) Mars-like soils in the Atacama Desert, Chile, and the dry limit of microbial life. Science 302:1018–1021
Odu CTI (1972) Microbiology of soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. In: Extent of contamination and some soil and microbial properties after contamination. J Inst Petrol 58:201–208
Pal D, Overcash MR (1978) Plant-soil assimilative capacity for oils. In: Proceedings of the 85th National Meeting of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Philadelphia
Paul EA, Clark FE (1996) Soil microbiology and biochemistry, Academic, New York
Pfender WF (1996) Bioremediation bacteria to protect plants in pentachlorophenol-contaminated soil. J Environ Qual 25:1256–1260
Polonenko DR, Scher FM, Kloepper JW, Singleton CA, Laliberte M, Zaleska I (1987) Effects of root colonizing bacteria on nodulation of soybean roots by Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Can J Microbiol 33:498–503
Prantera MT, Drozdowicz A, Gomes-Leite S, Soares-Rosado A (2002) Degradation of gasoline aromatic hydrocarbons by two N2-fixing soil bacteria. Biotechnol Lett 24:85–89
Radwan SS (1990) Gulf oil spill. Nature 350:456
Radwan SS (2008) Microbiology of oil-contaminated desert soils and coastal areas in the Arabian Gulf region. In: Dion P, Chandra SN (eds) Microbiology of extreme soils. Soil biology Series 13. Springer, Berlin, pp 275–298
Radwan SS, Al-Awadhi H, Sorkhoh NA, El-Nemr IM (2000a) Cropping as a phytoremediation practice for oily desert soil with reference to crop safety as food. Int J Phytoremed 2:383–396
Radwan SS, Al-Awadhi H, Sorkhoh NA, El-Nemr I (1998a) Rhizospheric hydrocarbon-utilizing microorganisms as potential contributors to phytoremediation for oily Kuwaiti desert. Microbiol Res 153:247–251
Radwan SS, Al-Mailem D, El-Nemr I, Salamah S (2000b) Enhanced remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated desert soil fertilized with organic carbons. Int Biodet Biodeg 46:129–132
Radwan SS, Al-Muteirie AS (2001) Vitamin requirements of hydrocarbon-utilizing soil bacteria. Microbiol Res 155:301–307
Radwan SS, Dashti N, El-Nemr IM (2005b) Enhancing the growth of Vicia faba plants by microbial inoculation to improve their phytoremediation potential for oily desert areas. Int J Phytoremed 7:19–32
Radwan SS, Dashti N, El-Nemr IM, Khanafer M (2007b) Hydrocarbon utilization by nodule bacteria and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Int J Phytoremed 9:1–11
Radwan SS, Barabas G, Sorkhoh NA, Damjanovic S, Szabo I, Szollo”si J, Matko J, Penyige A, Hirano T, Szallo M (1998b) Hydrocarbon uptake by Streptomyces. FEMS Microbiol Lett 169:87–94
Radwan SS, Sorkhoh NA (1993) Lipids of n-alkane-utilizing microorganisms and their application potential. Adv Appl Microbiol 39:29–90
Radwan SS, Sorkhoh NA, Al-Hasan RH (1995a) Self-cleaning and bioremediation potential of the Arabian Gulf. In: Cheremisinoff P (ed) Encyclopedia of Environmental Control Technology, vol 9. Gulf Publishing, Houston, pp 901–924
Radwan SS, Sorkhoh NA, El-Nemr I (1995b) Oil-biodegradation around roots. Nature 376:302
Radwan SS, Sorkhoh NA, El-Nemr I, El-Desouky AF (1997) A feasibility study on seeding as a bioremediation practice for the oily Kuwaiti desert. J Appl Microbiol 83:353–358
Radwan SS, Sorkhoh NA, Fardoun F, Al-Hasan RH (1995c) Soil managements enhancing hydrocarbon biodegradation in the polluted Kuwaiti desert. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 44:265–270
Redchitz TI (1980) Fatty incorporations in Aspergilllus mycelium during submerged cultivation in media with hydrocarbons. Microbiol Zh 42:596–600
Redchitz TI, Koval EZ (1979) Formation of volutin inclusions in the mycelium of aspergilli growing on media with hydrocarbons. Mikrobiol Zh 41:34–39
Reddy BR, Sethunathan N (1983) Mineralization of parathion in rice rhizosphere. Appl Environ Microbiol 45:826–829
Rehm H-J, Reiff I (1981) Mechanisms and occurrence of microbial oxidation of long-chain alkanes. Adv Biochem Eng 19:175–216
Reilley KA, Banks MK, Schab AP (1996) Dissipation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the rhizosphere. J Environ Qual 25: 212–219
Rosenberg E (1993) Microorganisms to combat pollution. Kluwer, Dordrecht
Rosenberg E (2006) Hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria. In: Dworkin M, Falkow S, Rosenberg E, Schleifer K-H, Stackebrandt E (eds) The prokaryotes: a handbook on the biology of bacteria, 3rd edn, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, pp 564–577
Sandmann ERIC, Loos MA (1984) Enumeration of 2,4-D degrading microorganisms in soils and crop plant rhizospheres using indicator media, high populations with sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum). Chemosphere 13:1073–1084
Sato K (1994) Effect of nutrients on interaction between pesticide pentachlorophenol and microorganisms in soil. In: Anderson TA, Coats JR (eds) Bioremediation through rhizosphere technology. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 43–55
Schlesinger WH, Pippin J, Wallenstein M, Hofmockel K, Klepeis D, Hahall B (2003) Community composition and photosynthesis by photoautotrophs under quartz pebbles, southern Mojave Desert. Ecology 84:3222–3231
Scott GL, Finnerty WR (1966) Characterization of intracytoplasmic hydrocarbon inclusions from the hydrocarbon-oxidizing Acinetobacter species. J Bacteriol 127:481–489.
Seibert K, Fuehr F, Cheng HH (1981) Experiments on the degradation of atrazine in the maize rhizosphere. In: Proceedings of the Theory and Practical Use of Soil Applied Herbicides Symposium. European Weed Resource Society, Paris, France, pp 137–146
Shann JR, Boyle JJ (1994) Influence of plant species on in situ rhizosphere degradation. In: Anderson TA, Coats JR (eds) Bioremediation through rhizosphere technology. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 70–81
Song HG, Wang X, Bartha R (1990) Bioremediation potential of terrestrial fuel spills. Appl Environ Microbiol 56:652–656
Sorkhoh NA, Al-Hasan RH, Khanafer M, Radwan SS (1995) Establishment of oil-degrading bacteria associated with cyanobacteria in oil-polluted soil. J Appl Bacteriol 78:194–199
Sorkhoh NA, Ghannoum MA, Ibrahim AS, Stretton RJ, Radwan SS (1990) Crude oiland hydrocarbon degrading strains of Rhodococcus rhodochrous isolated from soil and marine environments in Kuwait. Environ Pollut 65:1–17
Sorkhoh NA, Ibrahim AS, Ghannoum MA, Radwan SS (1993) High-temperature hydrocarbon degradation by Bacillus stearothermophilus from oil-polluted Kuwait desert. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 39:123–126
Spriggs T, Tangaris S, Nzengung VA, Nwokike B (2003) Phytoremediation of chlorinated solvent plume in Orlando, Florida. In: Seventh International in situ and on-site bioremediation symposium. Battelle Press, Columbus OH
Stevenson FJ (1966) Lipids in soils. J Am Oil Chem Soc 43:203–210
Stoner DL (1994) Biotechnology for the treatment of hazardous waste. Lewis, Boca Raton
Van Hamme JD, Singh A, Ward O (2003) Recent advances in petroleum microbiology. Microbiol Molec Biol Rev 67:503–549
Vevrek MC, Campbell WJ (2002) Identification of plant traits that enhance biodegradation of oil, 9th Annual International Petroleum Environmental Conference, Oct. 22–25, Albuquerque
Walton BT, Anderson TA (1990) Microbial degradation of trichloroethylene in the rhizosphere: potential application to biological remediation of waste sites. Appl Environ Microbiol 56:1012–1016
Warren-Rhodes KA, Rhodes KL, Pointing SB, Ewing S, Lacap DC, Gomez-Silva B, Amundson R, Friedmann EI, McKay CP (2006) Hypolithic cyanobacteria, dry limit of photosynthesis and microbial ecology in the hyperarid Atacama Desert. Microb Ecol 52:389–398
Widdel F, Boetius A, Rabus R (2006) Anaerobic biodegradation of hydrocarbons including methane. In: Dworkin M, Falkow S, Rosenberg E, Schleifer K-H, Stackebrandt E (eds) The prokaryotes: a handbook on the biology of bacteria, 3rd edn., vol 2. Springer, Berlin, pp 1028–1049
Wierzchos J, Ascaso C, McKay CP (2006) Endolithic cyanobacteria in halite rocks from the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert. Astrobiology 4:415–422
Zarilla KA, Perry JJ (1984) Thermoleophilum album gen. nov. and sp. nov., a bacterium obligate for thermophily and n-alkane substrates. Arch Microbiol 137:286–290
Zhang F, Dashti N, Hynes R, Smith DL (1996) Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) nodulation and nitrogen fixation at suboptimal zone temperature. Ann Bot 77: 453–459
Zhang F, Dashti N, Hynes R, Smith DL (1997) Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) growth and physiology at suboptimal root zone temperature. Ann Bot 79: 243–249
Acknowledgments
Some of the unpublished findings mentioned in this chapter were results of work done within the Research Project number SLO7/03. Assistant Samar Salamah is also appreciated.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Radwan, S. (2009). Phytoremediation for Oily Desert Soils. In: Singh, A., Kuhad, R., Ward, O. (eds) Advances in Applied Bioremediation. Soil Biology, vol 17. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89621-0_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89621-0_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-89620-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-89621-0
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)