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Midbrain Structures and Control of Ventilation in Amphibians

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Cardio-Respiratory Control in Vertebrates

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Abstract

Despite recent advances, the mechanisms of neurorespiratory control in anuran amphibians are far from understood. Among key brainstem structures believed to play a major role in the ventilatory control of amphibians is the nucleus isthmi (NI) and Locus coeruleus (LC). It has been suggested that the NI acts to inhibit hypoxic and hypercarbic drives to breathing. The putative mediators for these responses are glutamate and nitric oxide. As to the LC, it has now been reported that this nucleus is a CO2-sensitive receptor site in amphibians, which mediates the ventilatory response to hypercapnia. This chapter reviews the available data on the role of the NI and LC in the control of ventilation in amphibians.

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Acknowledgements

Financial support from the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil

    L. G. S. Branco

  2. Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, State University of São Paulo, FCAV at Joboticabal, SP, Brazil

    L. H. Gargaglioni

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  1. L. H. Gargaglioni
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  2. L. G. S. Branco
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Correspondence to L. G. S. Branco .

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  1. Fac. Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto, 14040-901, Brazil

    Mogens L. Glass

  2. School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 87131, U.S.A.

    Stephen C. Wood

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Gargaglioni, L.H., Branco, L.G.S. (2009). Midbrain Structures and Control of Ventilation in Amphibians. In: Glass, M., Wood, S. (eds) Cardio-Respiratory Control in Vertebrates. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-93985-6_11

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