Abstract
The stopping of ions in solids is due to the energy loss as a result of the resistance to ion passage by the electrons and atomic nuclei in the material. When an ion penetrates a solid, it experiences a number of collisions. Energetic charged particles interact with both electrons and atoms in materials. Kinetic energy transfers to atoms can result in displacement of atoms from their original sites, thereby forming atomic-scale defects in the structure. Energy transfers to the target electrons (either bound or free) produce electron-hole pairs that can result in charging of pre-existing defects, localized electronic excitations, rupture of covalent and ionic bonds, enhanced defect and atomic diffusion, increased free energy, changes in phase transformation dynamics, as well as formation of atomic-scale defects.
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Zhang, Y., Weber, W.J. (2009). Box 1: Stopping of Ions in Nanomaterials. In: Hellborg, R., Whitlow, H., Zhang, Y. (eds) Ion Beams in Nanoscience and Technology. Particle Acceleration and Detection. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00623-4_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00623-4_5
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